Examining the effects of out-of-home and in-home constraints on leisure activity participation in different seasons of the year

Abstract

Using multi-day, multi-period travel diaries data of 56 days (four waves of twoweek diaries) for 67 individuals in Stockholm, this study aims to examine the effects of out-of-home and in-home constraints (e.g. teleworking, studying at home, doing the laundry, cleaning and taking care of other household member[s]) on individuals' day-today leisure activity participation decisions in four different seasons. This study also aims to explore the effects of various types of working schedules (fixed, shift, partial-and fullflexible) on individuals' decisions to participate in day-to-day leisure activities. A pooled model (56 days) and wave-specific models (14 days in each wave) are estimated by using dynamic ordered Probit models. The effects of various types of working schedules are estimated by using 28 days of two waves' data. The results show that an individual's leisure activity participation decision is significantly influenced by out-of-home work durations but not influenced by in-home constraints, regardless of any seasons. Individuals with shift working hours engage less in day-to-day leisure activities than other workers' types in both spring and summer seasons. The thermal indicator significantly affects individuals' leisure activity participation decisions during the autumn season. Individuals exhibit routine behaviour characterized by repeated decisions in participating in day-to-day leisure activities that can last up to 14 days, regardless of any seasons.

Shifted out: The well-being and justice implications of evening and night commuting

“…Shift work may also worsen mental health and contribute to social marginalization indirectly by limiting activity participation (Harrington, 2001). A study in Stockholm suggests that shift workers engage in fewer leisure activities than other workers (Ahmad Termida et al, 2016). Beyond this study, the authors found no research examining the impacts of shift work on activity participation more broadly.…”

“…The models include interaction terms between shift work and transportation resources, specifically transit accessibility, walkability, and vehicle access. We opted to measure all trips taken, rather than just the leisure trips which shift workers may be less likely to take part in (Ahmad Termida et al, 2016). This is because the time use survey only covers a single day for each respondent, and the probability respondents took a leisure trip on any one day is too low to make analysis of this question feasible with this data.…”

The impact of night and evening shift work on social exclusion, family travel, and mobilities of care

“…However, only two studies related to transport related social exclusion consider shift workers explicitly. The first draws on a 56-day travel diary of 67 individuals in Sweden, finding that shift workers engage in "less day-to-day leisure activities than other worker types" across multiple seasons (Ahmad Termida et al, 2016). The second study, an analysis of Canada's time use survey, finds these workers take just as many trips as those who work during the daytime (Palm et al, 2023).…”

“…This could adversely impact mental health, which is linked to social participation among some demographic groups (Takagi et al, 2013). Studies on how this affects participation in daily activities show mixed results, however (Ahmad Termida et al, 2016;Palm et al, 2023). Additionally, shift work can disrupt household dynamics, often deepening gender imbalances in domestic responsibilities (Presser, 1994).…”

COVID-19: Modeling Out-of-Home and In-Home Activity Participation during the Pandemic

“…Very few studies were conducted on in-home activity participation. Termida and Susilo ( 12 ) examined the effects of out-of-home and in-home constraints such as working-from-home, studying at home, and doing household maintenance activities on individuals’ day-to-day leisure activity participation decisions in four different seasons using dynamic ordered probit models. The study found that individuals spending longer duration in work-related activities are less likely to participate in leisure activities regardless of the season.…”