Examining the Impact of Substrate Composition on the Biochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Pleurotus and Agaricus Mushrooms

Abstract

The composition of the substrate is one of the most critical factors influencing the quality as well as the nutritional value and bioactive content of mushrooms. Therefore, the effects of various substrates, such as barley and oat straw (BOS), beech wood shavings (BWS), coffee residue (CR), rice bark (RB) and wheat straw (WS, control substrate), on the biochemical properties (lipid, protein, polysaccharide, glucan, ash, and mineral content, fatty acids and tocopherols composition), total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus mushrooms, P. ostreatus (strains AMRL 144, 150) and P. eryngii (strains AMRL 166, 173-6), cultivated in ‘bag-logs’, was examined. Proximate analysis of A. bisporus and A. subrufescens grown on two different composts (C/N ratios of 10 and 13) was conducted, too. The whole carposomes, pilei and stipes were analyzed. Results showed that BOS, RB, BWSs and CR improved the antioxidant activity of Pleurotus species and their nutritional characteristics. Both pilei and stipes were rich in polysaccharides (27.51–67.37 and 22.46–39.08%, w/w, for Pleurotus and Agaricus spp., respectively), lipids (0.74–8.70 and 5.80–9.92%, w/w), proteins (6.52–37.04 and 25.40–44.26, w/w, for Pleurotus and Agaricus spp., respectively) and total phenolic compounds (10.41–70.67 and 7.85–16.89 mg gallic acid equivalent/g for Pleurotus and Agaricus spp., respectively), while they contained important quantities of unsaturated FAs of nutritional and medicinal importance. Pilei were richer in proteins, total phenolic compounds and enhanced antioxidant activity and reducing power than stipes, whereas stipes were richer in IPSs and glucans compared to the corresponding pilei. Thus, mushroom cultivation could upgrade rejected agro-industrial residues and wastes to new uses as substrates for the production of mushrooms with specific nutritional and medicinal attributes.

The effects of zinc sulfate on mycelial enzyme activity and metabolites of Pholiota adiposa

“…Laccase can rapidly degrade aromatic macromolecular compounds, such as lignin, and can also contribute to the electron transport pathway during respiration. This energy contribution aids in the synthesis, transport, and accumulation of edible fungi mycelium, promoting mycelium extension and regulating fruiting body growth [ 34 , 35 ]. The addition of zinc sulfate to the formula significantly boosted laccase activity in the original mycelium of apricot abalone 6 [ 36 ].…”

The Influence of Substrate and Strain on Protein Quality of Pleurotus ostreatus

“…The BOS substrate significantly enhanced the protein content of both P. ostreatus strains. Diamantopoulou et al (2023) [37] also reported that the maximum protein concentration for the carposomes of the same P. ostreatus strains was achieved when cultivated on BOS and on beech wood shavings (BWS). Following the alkaline extraction at pH 12 and precipitation at the isoelectric point (pH 4), the produced PCs had almost doubled their protein content.…”

Physico-Chemical, Sensory, and Nutritional Properties of Shortbread Cookies Enriched with Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus Powders

“…The amount of protein reported in A. bisporus ranges from 7% to 40.5% of dry weight, while in Pleurotus spp. it ranges from 7.6% to 37.04% [61,62]. The main component of mushrooms, apart from water, is carbohydrates, which include mono-and disaccharides, polyols, polysaccharides such as β-glucans, glycogen, and chitin [63].…”