Examining the Impact of the Obama and Trump Candidacies on Right-Wing Domestic Terrorism in the United States: A Time-Series Analysis

Abstract

Recent literature has described a rise in the activity of right-wing extremists in the United States. Several studies have examined this phenomenon in relation to the actions of President Trump. Comparatively, little research has examined the impact of the Obama presidency on right-wing extremism despite a peak in the number of right-wing extremist groups during his second term. Using a power-threat framework, this study examines the unique effects of the presidential candidacies and elections of Obama and Trump on the frequency of attacks committed by right-wing extremists in the U.S. as documented in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling is applied to monthly counts ( n = 151) of 141 domestic terrorist attacks committed by right-wing extremists that occurred in the U.S. between June 3, 2006, and December 31, 2018. Consistent with the political threat hypothesis, our findings indicate that the re-election of President Obama was associated with a gradual, permanent increase in the frequency of attacks by right-wing extremists. Yet, none of the intervention components associated with his first candidacy or election were associated with statistically significant changes in right-wing terrorist attacks. In contrast, and in accordance with the emboldenment hypothesis, all intervention components associated with the candidacy and election of Donald Trump predicted permanent increases in the frequency of attacks—and most were abrupt in nature. In view of these findings, political leaders on the left and right must anticipate the ability of their rhetoric and behavior to both alienate and embolden extremist groups and individuals, particularly within the far-right. As our findings demonstrate, failure to do so risks contributing to increased activity among far-right extremists as a product of either political threat or emboldenment.

“We’re led by stupid people”: Exploring Trump’s use of denigrating and deprecating speech to promote hatred and violence

“…Trump seemed to revel in the “power of the Presidency to hurt”; his vitriol and direct calls for violence circulated among those with pre-existing prejudices and encouraged them to take violent action (Stuckey, 2020 ). Through time series analysis Fortunato et al ( 2022 ) showed that Trump’s nationalistic agenda emboldened right-wing extremist groups and individuals, resulting in abrupt increases in violent attacks and domestic terrorism. Thus, it is imperative for criminologists and legal scholars to examine and understand the rhetoric and forms of speech used by populist leaders like Trump.…”

Implementation of a workshop for mass casualty incident triage training using an immersive virtual reality simulation

“…As mass casualty incidents (MCIs) proliferate in the United States, we increasingly rely on skilled first responders, who deliver accurate and timely triage and to reduce overall morbidity and mortality of victims. [1][2][3][4] Recent MCIs have shown that limited lifesaving interventions, primarily hemorrhage control, swift extrication, and immediate transport, should be priorities for care. [5][6][7][8] Training first responders to integrate response skills into a dynamic, unstable, and active disaster is challenging and difficult to simulate.…”

First Responder Virtual Reality Simulator to train and assess emergency personnel for mass casualty response

“…Mass casualty events from both natural and man‐made disasters are on the rise in the United States. 1 , 2 These mass casualty events create surges of victims that overwhelm healthcare systems, leading to the preventable loss of human lives. Averting surges that jeopardize the emergent care of victims requires a workforce of emergency personnel who are well trained in the fundamentals of disaster response, 3 including targeted hemorrhage control, swift extrication, minimal interventions, and immediate transport to the appropriate receiving centers.…”

“…Mass casualty events from both natural and man‐made disasters are on the rise in the United States 1,2 . These mass casualty events create surges of victims that overwhelm healthcare systems, leading to the preventable loss of human lives.…”