Examining the Interaction Between Medical Information Seeking Online and Understanding: Exploratory Study

Abstract

Background Online information seeking on medical topics by patients can have beneficial effects by helping them decide on treatment options and fostering better relationships with doctors. The quality of websites and processes of seeking information online have mostly been studied, with a focus on the accuracy and reliability of websites; however, few studies have examined the relationship between other aspects of quality and the processes of seeking medical information online. Objective This exploratory study aimed to shed light on the quality of websites used for information seeking from the perspective of understanding medical information in combination with seeking it online. Methods The study participants were 15 Japanese university students with no problem using the internet. A questionnaire survey about health literacy (47 items on a 4-point Likert scale) and information navigation skills on the internet (8 items on a 5-point Likert scale) was conducted before participants engaged in online information seeking and qualitative interviews. The students searched for information on a disease and its treatment. The websites viewed were gathered from search behavior recorded by software and browser logs. Follow-up interviews were conducted to elicit explanations from the participants about the assignments and their views of online information seeking. The explanations were evaluated by 55 health care professionals on a 3-point Likert scale and then assessed based on their comments and the participant interviews. Results The mean age of the participants was 20.6 years (median 21; SD 1.06). All participants were able to access reliable websites with information relevant to the assignments. The mean ratings of the students’ explanations were 108.6 (median 109; range=83-134) for the disease and 105.6 (median 104; range=87-117) for its treatment. The inter-rater reliability were 0.84 (95% CI 0.77-0.90) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), indicating good and excellent, respectively. The mean of the sum of the health literacy skills was 115.1 (median 115; range=80-166) and the mean for information navigation skills was 25.9 (median 26; range=17-36), respectively. Health literacy and information navigation skills were moderately correlated (r=0.54; 95% CI 0.033-0.822; P=.04). Among the four stages of health literacy, understanding and appraising (r=0.53; 95% CI 0.025-0.820; P=.04) were moderately correlated with information navigation skills (r=0.52; 95% CI 0.013-0.816; P=.046). The participants had no difficulties operating and browsing the internet and considered medical and public institution websites to be reliable; however, due to unfamiliarity with medical terms, they had difficulties choosing a site from the results obtained and comparing and synthesizing information provided by different sites. They also looked for sites providing orderly information in plain language but provided explanations from sites that gave inadequate interpretations of information. Conclusions This study revealed interactions between searching the internet for, and understanding, medical information by analyzing the processes of information seeking online, physicians’ evaluations and comments about the participants’ explanations, and the participants’ perceptions.

Health literacy level of Düzce University students: A cross-sectional study

“…Health literacy levels of the students were not significantly different according to gender, marital status, faculty and class levels. [1,2] Bireyin yaşadığı hayatı ve başından geçen olayları anlaması ve okuması daha sonrasında yaşamındaki tüm ilişkilere bir anlam yüklemesi olarak tanımlanan okuryazarlık kavramı sağlık alanında da yerini bulmuştur. [3] Sağlık okuryazarlığı; kişilerin sağlıklarını korumak ve geliştirmek için gerekli bilgiye ulaşma, yorumlama, ulaştıkları bilgileri kullanmadaki sosyal, bilişsel becerileri ve uygulama yetenekleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır.…”

The Importance of Health Information on the Internet: How It Saved My Life and How it Can Save Yours

“…A need for credible, up to date, and substantiated evidence-based information from anywhere in the world [6].…”

Search engines that help people make better health decisions

“…We assume that retrieving more relevant search results will subsequently lead to people make better health decisions. User studies by Keselman et al [100] and Kobayashi and Ishizaki [106], suggest that our assumption is not necessarily true. People may still make incorrect decisions regardless of the relevance of the health information presented to them; for example the study by Kobayashi and Ishizaki [106] suggests that the complexity of medical language may steer people towards incorrect decisions.…”

“…User studies by Keselman et al [100] and Kobayashi and Ishizaki [106], suggest that our assumption is not necessarily true. People may still make incorrect decisions regardless of the relevance of the health information presented to them; for example the study by Kobayashi and Ishizaki [106] suggests that the complexity of medical language may steer people towards incorrect decisions. Therefore, an end-to-end user study (i.e., from formulating queries to making decision) is needed to gain a coherent understanding on the impact of our works.…”

“…A recent user study by Kobayashi and Ishizaki [106] shows that participants who are unable to accurately answer health questions are actually accessing webpages that contain correct health information. In a follow up interview, the authors find that the majority of participants who incorrectly answer health questions struggled to understand medical terms contained in the health webpages.…”