“…Although participant characteristics such as self-rated proficiency, amount of use, and age of acquisition of each language are often provided (for a review, see Surrain and Luk, in press ), in what context speakers learned and used each language in the past is typically left undescribed. However, there is evidence that learning to read in the home language affects literacy skills in other languages (e.g., Shanahan and Escamilla, 2009 ; Sparrow et al, 2014 ; Shin et al, 2015 ), suggesting that biliteracy – and likely the language of schooling – may be relevant dimensions to examine in studies of bilingualism and cognition. Additionally, language brokering (i.e., informal translation) experience has been found to affect language processing (e.g., López et al, 2017 ; López and Vaid, 2018 ) and conceptual representations (e.g., López and Vaid, 2016 ), pointing to the importance of understanding not only how much bilinguals have used each language but also for what purpose they have used each language.…”