Examining the longitudinal effects of paternal incarceration and coparenting relationships on sons' educational outcomes: A mediation analysis

McLeod, Branden A.; Johnson, Waldo E.; Cryer‐Coupet, Qiana R.; Mincy, Ronald B.

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.010

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Other research has investigated mechanisms or processes that may connect parental incarceration and education‐related outcomes and cognitive development in children. Findings indicate that children’s behavioral problems explain much variation in educational outcomes stemming from paternal incarceration, including suspension and expulsion of children during elementary school (Jacobsen, 2019; McLeod, Johnson, Cryer‐Coupet, & Mincy, 2019).…”

Section: The Incarceration Of a Parent And Child Well‐being In Populamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Children With Incarcerated Parents

Poehlmann

Turney

2020

Child Dev Perspectives

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Parental incarceration is a socially relevant topic with substantial implications for children, yet it is understudied by child development scholars. About 2.6 million U.S. children currently have a parent who is incarcerated, and by age 14, one in 14 U.S. children experiences a resident parent leaving for jail or prison. In this developmentally oriented review, we summarize research on associations between parental incarceration and child well‐being, and suggest areas where developmental scientists can contribute. While most analyses of large population‐based U.S., datasets have found that experiencing paternal incarceration typically has detrimental implications for child well‐being, especially as children grow older, analyses of maternal incarceration have yielded less consistent findings. Longitudinal population‐based developmental studies focusing on parental incarceration, especially early in life through adulthood, are urgently needed to answer basic questions, clarify mixed findings, inform policies, and develop interventions for vulnerable children.

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Section: The Incarceration Of a Parent And Child Well‐being In Populamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Children With Incarcerated Parents

Poehlmann

Turney

2020

Child Dev Perspectives

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“…Simulation studies that compare FIML to numerous other methods of handling missing data in the context of longitudinal and multilevel modelingincluding listwise deletion, pairwise deletion, similar response pattern imputation, stochastic regression imputation, multiple imputation, and expectation-maximization imputation algorithmsuggest that FIML is superior to these analytic approaches to handling missing data (Enders & Bandalos, 2001;Larsen, 2011;Lee, Harring, & Stapleton, 2019;Newman, 2003). Furthermore, FIML is a common strategy to account for missing data in FFWCS (e.g., Carlson, McLanahan, & Brooks-Gunn, 2008;Gard, McLoyd, Mitchell, & Hyde, 2020, In Press;McLeod, Johnson, Cryer-Coupet, & Mincy, 2019;Meadows, McLanahan, & Knab, 2009;Waller et al, 2019).…”

Section: Analysis Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household economic hardship as a moderator of the associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior problems

Lee

Pace

Ward

et al. 2020

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Background: Spanking is associated with detrimental outcomes for young children. Research shows that spanking is more commonly used in low-income households. Objective: To examine whether economic hardship, measured by household income-to-poverty ratio at the time of the child's birth, moderated the longitudinal associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior problems during the first nine years of childhood. Participants and setting: Mother-child pairs (N = 4,149) from a cohort study of urban families in 20 US cities. Methods: Cross-lagged path models examined associations between maternal spanking and externalizing behavior when children were between the ages of 1 and 9. Multigroup analyses examined whether income-to-poverty ratio moderated these associations. Results: Bivariate analyses showed that income-to-poverty ratio was associated with child externalizing behavior problems at each time point; income-to-poverty ratio was associated with maternal spanking at age 3 only. Longitudinal path model results indicated that, for low-and middle-income groups, maternal spanking at each age had significant associations with child externalizing behavior at each subsequent age. For the high-income group, maternal spanking at age 1 and age 3 had significant associations with child externalizing behavior at each subsequent age; however, spanking at age 5 was not associated with child externalizing behavior at age 9. Conclusions: Spanking is disadvantageous for children at all income levels, with more persistent effects in low-and middle-income families. For higher-income families, the associations of maternal spanking with child externalizing behavior problems may be attenuated as child age increases. Regardless of income level, parents should be advised against spanking. IntroductionSpanking, also known as physical punishment, physical discipline, or corporal punishment, is defined as the use of physical force "with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correcting or controlling the child's behavior" (Straus & Donnelly, 2005, p. 3). A recent study indicated that longitudinal trends in parental endorsement and use of spanking have declined in the last 30 years (Ryan, Kalil, Ziol-Guest, & Padilla, 2016). Even so, the majority of U.S. parents of young

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“…For instance, parental incarceration has been found to significantly reduce school readiness in preschoolers [ 80 ] and that teen’s vicarious contact with police negatively influences academic achievement [ 31 ]. However, only a few studies have explored mediators or moderators of the relation between paternal incarceration and child educational outcomes (e.g, [ 81 ]. Although toxic stress has not yet been measured in CIP, Haskins [ 38 ] has suggested that direct and indirect exposure to trauma, such as witnessing parental arrest or residing in a violent neighborhood, could lead to less optimal cognitive development in CIP via the mechanism of toxic stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health and Development of Young Children Who Witnessed Their Parent’s Arrest Prior to Parental Jail Incarceration

Poehlmann

Muentner

Pritzl

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Most U.S. incarceration occurs in jails, with more than 10 million annual admissions, and most individuals in jail are parents of minor children. In this short-term longitudinal study, we examined the health and development of young children who did or did not witness their parent’s arrest prior to parental jail incarceration. 228 individuals in 76 triads (incarcerated parents, children, at-home caregivers) were enrolled from four jails in two states. Jailed parents and caregivers reported on whether the child witnessed the parent’s arrest or crime. Children’s caregivers completed questionnaires about children’s emotional symptoms during the prior 6 months and demographics, as well as children’s emotional reactions to separation from the parent and child health at the initial assessment and 2 weeks later. Trained researchers conducted a developmental assessment with children while waiting to visit parents. Results of regression-based moderated mediation analyses indicated that when their emotional symptoms were high, children who witnessed parental arrest were more likely to have poorer health initially and more intense negative reactions to the parent leaving for jail. In addition, when children’s general emotional symptoms were low, children who witnessed their parent’s arrest were more likely to exhibit developmental delays, especially in their early academic skills, compared to children who did not witness the arrest. Witnessing the parent’s crime related to missed milestones in social and adaptive development. Findings have implications for policies regarding safeguarding children during parental arrest and referrals for health- and development-promotion services following parental criminal justice system involvement.

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Examining the longitudinal effects of paternal incarceration and coparenting relationships on sons' educational outcomes: A mediation analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 116 publications

A Developmental Perspective on Children With Incarcerated Parents

A Developmental Perspective on Children With Incarcerated Parents

Household economic hardship as a moderator of the associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior problems

The Health and Development of Young Children Who Witnessed Their Parent’s Arrest Prior to Parental Jail Incarceration

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