Examining the Racial Dynamic of the Victim-offender Dyad in Homicide-suicide: Does Intraracial Homicide Encourage Perpetrator Suicide?

Zimmerman, Gregory M.; Fridel, Emma E.; Gerdes, Madison

doi:10.1177/0022427820979620

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We did not manipulate the defendant's race; instead we left defendant race ambiguous. Most of our participants assumed that the defendant was the same race as the victim, which is in line with real-world data on the racial composition of the offender-victim dyad in intimate partner violence (McCormack & Hirschel, 2021;Zimmerman et al, 2021). Given that research indicates that mock jurors are the most punitive in cases in which the defendant is Black and the victim is White (Baldus et al, 1990;Stevenson et al, 2009), the racial bias we report might be even stronger in interracial crimes-another important question for future research.…”

Section: Strengths Limitations and Future Directionssupporting

confidence: 73%

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White mock jurors' moral emotional responses to viewing female victim photographs depend on the victim's race.

Phalen,

Salerno,

Adamoli

et al. 2023

Law and Human Behavior

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Objective: Jurors often see both premortem photographs of female murder victims before death and postmortem photographs after death. Postmortem photographs are often probative but might prejudicially heighten jurors' other-condemning emotions, such as anger and disgust. Premortem photographs are often not probative and might prejudicially heighten jurors' other-suffering emotions, such as sympathy and empathy. We examined how victim race changes the impact of pre-and postmortem photographs on participants' moral emotions and, in turn, their verdicts. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that seeing postmortem (vs. no) photographs would increase convictions through other-condemning emotions for White, but not Latina or Black, victims. We also hypothesized that seeing both pre-and postmortem (vs. only postmortem) photographs would further increase convictions through other-suffering emotions, again for White, but not Latina or Black, female victims. Method: White participants (N = 1,261) watched a murder trial video. We manipulated the victim's race (White, Black, or Latina) and whether participants saw no victim photographs, premortem photographs of a female victim, postmortem photographs of a female victim, or both pre-and postmortem photographs. Participants reported the emotions they felt during the trial and chose a verdict. Results: Seeing postmortem (vs. no) victim photographs increased White participants' guilty verdicts through other-condemning emotions when the female victim was White or Latina but not when she was Black. Seeing the combination of pre-and postmortem photographs increased White participants' convictions through othersuffering emotions when the victim was a White woman but not when she was Latina or Black. Conclusions: Attorneys and judges should consider that jurors' emotional reactions to victim photographs are felt selectively depending on the victim's race and could exacerbate racial biases in jurors' judgments. Public Significance StatementRather than closing racial empathy gaps and increasing mock jurors' moral emotional responses for all victims, presenting pre-and postmortem photographs of victims might exacerbate racial bias because White mock jurors selectively felt moral emotions on behalf of other White victims but not on behalf of Black and Latina victims. Although policies that allow for jurors to see premortem photographs of victims might be intended to humanize all victims, those policies might have the unintended consequence of increasing the disparities in the treatment of White victims and victims of color.

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Section: Strengths Limitations and Future Directionssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…However, 881 participants (70%) guessed that the defendant was the same race as the victim. Given that research shows that most intimate partner violence is intraracial (McCormack & Hirschel, 2021; Zimmerman et al, 2021), this assumption coheres with real-world data.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

White mock jurors' moral emotional responses to viewing female victim photographs depend on the victim's race.

Phalen,

Salerno,

Adamoli

et al. 2023

Law and Human Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, the majority of the focus in social psychology has been on the operation of consistency, which Heider termed balance, among triads (three elements). Some examples of studies on the balance between dyads (two elements) include, but are not limited to, Taylor et al (1979) and Zimmerman et al (2021) in the context of interpersonal relations as well as Barry and Crant (2000) and Basov and Brennecke (2017) in an organizational setting. The current study examined the balance between dyads – tech and touch.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hotel experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: high-touch versus high-tech

Davari

Vayghan

Jang

et al. 2022

IJCHM

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Purpose This study aims to gain an understanding of hotel experiences during the pandemic by examining sentiments of guests posted online. Design/methodology/approach This paper incorporates the balance theory, in a dyadic system to analyze the ways in which guests were motivated to restore a position of balance during the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. Qualitative content analysis was used to detect thematic patterns of hotel experiences based on examining online reviews shared by actual guests of two major hotel brands – one more closely associated with convenience-driven automation (high-tech) and the other known for providing more guest–employee interaction (high-touch). Findings The analysis of the reviews yielded six main themes: “purpose of visit,” “COVID safety concerns,” “technology adoption,” “COVID limitations,” “exceeded expectation” and “hospitality of staff.” Staff displaying a welcoming attitude was the main factor in creating a convivial experience for guests at both hotel brands, but the technology was not highlighted as much in guests’ reviews. Despite the pandemic, guests of both hotel brands had similar levels of enjoyment regarding their hotel experiences regardless of the high-touch or high-tech nature of the operations. Research limitations/implications User-generated content often reflects the opinions of those who are very satisfied or not satisfied at all. Different data collection techniques could be used to get a “big picture” view of the balance between high-touch and high-tech experiences. Practical implications The findings offer support to researchers and practitioners who advocate that high-touch and high-tech can indeed co-exist, and that these distinct service delivery modes do not have to be mutually exclusive. Originality/value This paper provides new trajectories that can broaden the approaches undertaken by hospitality/tourism scholars and practitioners based on user-generated content. This study is one of the first to adopt the lens of the balance theory, in a dyadic system, to investigate how guests may be psychologically motivated to balance their perceptions and expectations during a time of crisis.

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Extreme Forms of Violence (Homicide) and Victim-Perpetrator Dynamics: A Focus on the Context of Family

Matias

Soeiro

2023

Handbook of Anger, Aggression, and Violence

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Examining the Racial Dynamic of the Victim-offender Dyad in Homicide-suicide: Does Intraracial Homicide Encourage Perpetrator Suicide?

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

White mock jurors' moral emotional responses to viewing female victim photographs depend on the victim's race.

White mock jurors' moral emotional responses to viewing female victim photographs depend on the victim's race.

Hotel experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: high-touch versus high-tech

Extreme Forms of Violence (Homicide) and Victim-Perpetrator Dynamics: A Focus on the Context of Family

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