Examining the Relationship Between LGBTQ-Supportive School Health Policies and Practices and Psychosocial Health Outcomes of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Students

Kaczkowski, Wojciech; Li, Jingjing; Cooper, Adina C.; Robin, Leah

doi:10.1089/lgbt.2021.0133

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and while the effect of the pandemic is unknown, findings are consistent with previous research indicating that prevalence of connectedness is lowest among youths who have experienced racism at school ( 10 ); identify as LGBQ+ ( 11 ); and are multiply marginalized and underrepresented (i.e., youths who hold minority racial and ethnic and sexual identities) ( 7 ). Creating school environments that intentionally focus on students with marginalized identities by proactively addressing discrimination and fostering inclusivity supports positive health and development for all students and might be an important mechanism by which to eliminate inequities in school connectedness ( 12 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strategies that improve school environments for LGBQ+ students are well established and include school policies and practices such as having student-led clubs (e.g., Gender and Sexualities Alliances [GSAs]), enforced antiharassment policies, identified safe spaces for students, and professional development for school staff on the importance of inclusivity. These strategies create school environments that benefit all students and have been linked to improved health and development outcomes for both LGBQ+ students and their heterosexual peers ( 12 ). Recent data from CDC’s School Health Profiles survey indicate that, although approximately all schools prohibit harassment of LGBQ+ students and 80% identify safe spaces, only 44% of secondary schools have GSAs and 30% provide training to teachers and school staff on supporting LGBQ+ students ( https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/profiles/pdf/2020/CDC-Profiles-2020.pdf ).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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School Connectedness and Risk Behaviors and Experiences Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2021

Wilkins¹,

Krause²,

Verlenden³

et al. 2023

MMWR Suppl.

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School connectedness, defined as students’ belief that adults and peers in their school care about their learning as well as about them as persons, has been linked to positive educational, behavioral, and health outcomes in adolescence and into adulthood. Data from the 2021 nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, were used to estimate prevalence of students’ perception of school connectedness and examine associations between school connectedness and seven risk behaviors and experiences: poor mental health, marijuana use, prescription opioid misuse, sexual intercourse, unprotected sex, experiencing forced sex, and missing school because of feeling unsafe. Prevalence estimates were generated and pairwise t -tests were used to detect differences among student subpopulations by sex, grade, race and ethnicity, and sexual identity; Wald chi-square tests were used to detect differences in risk behaviors by level of connectedness within a subpopulation. Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios comparing the prevalence of risk behaviors and experiences of students with high connectedness with students with low connectedness, stratified by demographics. During 2021, 61.5% of U.S. high school students reported feeling connected to others at school. In addition, school connectedness was associated with lower prevalence of every risk behavior and experience examined in this study, although certain associations differed by race and ethnicity and sexual identity (e.g., school connectedness was associated with better mental health outcomes for youths with heterosexual, bisexual, and questioning or other sexual identities, but not for youths who identified as lesbian or gay). These findings can guide public health interventions that promote youth well-being by creating school environments where all youths have a sense of belonging and feel they are cared for and supported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Connectedness and Risk Behaviors and Experiences Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2021

Wilkins¹,

Krause²,

Verlenden³

et al. 2023

MMWR Suppl.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By disaggregating sexual minority youths and including identity and sex of sexual contacts (i.e., youths who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning, or other and youths who have sexual contact with same-sex partners only and partners of both sexes), this report adds further context to national prevalence estimates of violence victimization against sexual minority youths; for example, students who identify as bisexual and students who have sexual contact with both sexes experience violence victimization at higher rates. School-based strategies to support LGBQ+ youths have been found to be associated with decreases in IVV among both LGBQ+ youths and heterosexual youths, contributing to safer school environments for all students ( 12 ). The consistent disparities in violence by sexual orientation found in this analysis highlight the important role of LGBTQ+ supportive practices in reducing experiences of violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating Violence, Sexual Violence, and Bullying Victimization Among High School Students —Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2021

Clayton¹,

Kilmer²,

DeGue³

et al. 2023

MMWR Suppl.

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Experiences of teen dating violence (TDV), sexual violence, and bullying during adolescence are all forms of interpersonal violence victimization (IVV) and are associated with health and behavioral issues during adulthood. Data from the nationally representative 2011–2021 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were used to estimate the 2021 prevalence of IVV reported by U.S. high school students. IVV included past-year sexual TDV, physical TDV, sexual violence by anyone, electronic bullying, being bullied on school property, and lifetime forced sex and was analyzed by demographic characteristics and sex of sexual contacts. This report also explored trends in IVV over this 10-year period among U.S. high school students. In 2021, a total of 8.5% of students reported physical TDV, 9.7% reported sexual TDV, 11.0% reported sexual violence by anyone (with 59.5% of those also reporting sexual TDV), 15.0% reported bullying on school property, and 15.9% reported electronic bullying victimization during the past 12 months; 8.5% also reported experiencing forced sex in their lifetime. Disparities were observed for each form of IVV assessed for females and for most forms of IVV among racial and ethnic minority students; students who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning, or other (LGBQ+); and students who reported their sexual contacts as same sex only or both sexes. Trend analyses indicated that physical TDV, sexual TDV, any physical or sexual TDV, and both physical and sexual TDV victimization decreased from 2013 to 2021 (although sexual TDV increased from 2019 to 2021). Any bullying victimization decreased from 2011 to 2021. Lifetime forced sexual intercourse decreased from 2011 to 2015, then increased from 2015 to 2021. Being bullied on school property was unchanged from 2011 to 2017, then decreased from 2017 to 2021. Sexual violence by anyone increased from 2017 to 2021. This report highlights disparities in IVV and provides the first national estimates among Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander youths. Findings, including trend analyses indicating recent increases in certain forms of IVV, point to the continued urgency of violence prevention efforts for all U.S. youths and especially those who are disproportionately affected by IVV.

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“…In another study with a similar protocol, GSAs led to less bullying in a sample of 1061 youth [60]. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey was analyzed for the effects of gay straight alliance or similar clubs for connecting LGBTQ and non-LGBTQ youth (N=75,638) [61]. The data suggested that the GSAs were helpful for both the LGBTQ and non-LGBTQ youth for reducing suiciderelated behavior and illicit drug use.…”

Section: Interventions School Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LGBTQ in Youth: A Narrative Review

2022

Arch Pediatr

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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/questioning youth have experienced stigma in the form of stressors including rejection by parents and peers, discrimination, harassment and violence. The prevalence has ranged from 18% to 67% in different samples. The disparities they have experienced include sexual and mental health, substance use and suicide risk. Since they spend much of their time in school, gay straight alliances have been created and have helped reduce these problems. Despite the limitations of this recent literature, the research highlights the ongoing problems of LGBTQ youth and the need for continuing research and interventions.This narrative review involved entering the terms LGBTQ and youth into PubMed and PsycINFO. The search yielded 541 papers for the last five years. However, following exclusion criteria including case studies and non-English papers, this review is a summary of the research reported in 66 papers. The recent literature on LGBTQ and youth is predominantly focused on negative effects of belonging to a sexual or gender minority group along with some studies on comorbidities, buffers and interventions. This narrative review is accordingly divided into sections on prevalence, effects/ correlates, comorbidities, buffers and interventions.

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Examining the Relationship Between LGBTQ-Supportive School Health Policies and Practices and Psychosocial Health Outcomes of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Students

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

School Connectedness and Risk Behaviors and Experiences Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2021

School Connectedness and Risk Behaviors and Experiences Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2021

Dating Violence, Sexual Violence, and Bullying Victimization Among High School Students —Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2021

LGBTQ in Youth: A Narrative Review

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