Examining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Psychopathology in Treatment-Seeking Veterans

Zalta, Alyson K.; Bui, Éric; Karnik, Niranjan S.; Held, Philip; Laifer, Lauren M.; Sager, Julia C.; Zou, Denise S.; Rauch, Paula K.; Simon, Naomi M.; Pollack, Mark H.; Ohye, Bonnie

doi:10.1007/s10578-017-0743-y

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Generally, mixed findings were found across the selected studies. Four cross‐sectional studies found no relation between parenting efficacy and PTSD symptoms (Creech et al, 2016; Gewirtz et al, 2014; Karre et al, 2022; Zalta et al, 2018). However, among 336 NG/R families in which mothers and fathers were deployed in about 18% and 95% of families respectively, DeGarmo and Gewirtz (2018) found that greater parenting efficacy at baseline was associated with lower levels of baseline PTSD symptoms concurrently for mothers, and lower levels of PTSD symptoms over 2 years for fathers, suggesting gender‐specific trajectories of trauma symptom profiles and parenting efficacy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and parenting in military families: A systematic integrative review

Gupta,

Gewirtz,

Borden

2023

J of Family Theo & Revie

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Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among service members portends substantial impairments not only for the affected individual but also for their families. However, the association between PTSD symptoms and specific parenting domains remains understudied. Drawing upon the Military Family Stress Model and the Cognitive Behavioral Interpersonal Theory of PTSD, this systematic review provides an overview and synthesis of the literature on PTSD symptoms and parenting in military families with the objective to examine associations between parental PTSD symptoms and key parenting domains. Following PRISMA guidelines, 27 empirical studies were reviewed. Five distinct parenting domains emerged across studies. The findings indicated that greater PTSD symptoms were generally associated with adverse parenting outcomes with some variation across different parenting domains, such that some parenting outcomes showed more consistent negative associations with parental PTSD symptoms than others. These results have significant implications for research and practice, providing insight for family‐focused intervention/prevention studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and parenting in military families: A systematic integrative review

Gupta,

Gewirtz,

Borden

2023

J of Family Theo & Revie

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“…Less is known about parenting self-efficacy, a parent’s belief that they are capable and effective in the parenting role (Johnston & Mash, 1989). This construct is a component of reduced parenting self-competence, which has been linked to poor mental health outcomes in children (Zalta et al, 2018). Bui and colleagues (2017) found that greater parenting self-competence (which encompassed self-efficacy and satisfaction) was associated with improved family functioning in a sample of 9/11 veterans predominantly composed of men.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Postdeployment mental health concerns and family functioning in veteran men and women.

Zelkowitz¹,

Archibald²,

Gradus³

et al. 2023

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and

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Objective: Despite growing numbers of veteran women, it is unclear whether the impact of common postdeployment mental health concerns on key aspects of family functioning varies by gender. We examined whether associations between PTSD, depression, and problematic alcohol use and intimate relationship quality and parenting self-efficacy differed among men and women in a large, gender-balanced sample of post-9/11 veterans. Method: Participants included 2,348 veterans (51.49% women) of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan who were part of a larger study of gender differences in effects of wartime deployment. Veterans who were married or in a relationship (n = 1,536, 49.09% women) reported overall relationship quality. Veterans with children under age 18 (n = 1,049; 51.57% women) self-reported on their sense of efficacy as parents. All participants reported symptoms of PTSD, depression, and problematic alcohol use. We used a series of hierarchical linear regressions to test gender as a moderator of each postdeployment mental health concern and the family functioning constructs of interest. Results: Each postdeployment mental health concern was associated with reduced relationship quality and parenting self-efficacy, and these associations were largely consistent across gender. However, links between reduced parenting self-efficacy and increased PTSD and depressive symptoms were stronger in women compared with men. Conclusions: Postdeployment mental health concerns are associated with impairment in key family relationships for both veteran men and women. This impact may be particularly profound for parenting self-efficacy among female veterans, highlighting the potential importance of targeted interventions in this domain.

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“…Besides the fact that war exposure is extremely traumatizing for children, it may affect their parents' mental health too (Charlson et al, 2019). Parental psychopathology mediates the amount of perceived social support and even itself becomes a risk factor for child internalizing disorders (Lester et al, 2010;Zalta et al, 2018). A study of refugees in Australia estimated that caregiver's PTSD was associated with higher levels of child conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, and peer problems (Bryant et al, 2018).…”

Section: Informed Consentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression in adolescents exposed to war trauma Risk factors for development of depression in adolescents exposed to war trauma: does PTSD matter?

2020

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BackgroundDepression is frequently comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substantially influences its severity, course and outcomes. Published studies linking war-related paediatric PTSD and Major depressive disorder (MDD) were mainly based on cross-sectional studies.ObjectiveTo prospectively examine the role of PTSD and other risk/protective factors in the development of depression among adolescents with war-related trauma.MethodsA longitudinal study of 160 adolescents aged 15–17 years with war-related trauma and displacement due to war in Eastern Ukraine was performed. Of the 160 adolescents, N = 86 met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-4) criteria for PTSD. All adolescents underwent comprehensive psychiatric assessments that included Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) administered to both parents and children. Traumatic exposure was assessed using the modified Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for children (TESI-C). PTSD and MDD were assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA) and Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R), and diagnosed using DSM-4 criteria. Follow-up and repeated measurements occurred at 6 and 12 months. During the study, adolescents requiring clinical care were referred for best available care in the community.ResultsAmong 92.6% of study completers, 26/79 youth with PTSD developed MDD (32.9%), compared to 6/70 without PTSD (8.5%): relative risk (RR) = 3.83 (95% CI 1.67–8.78), p = 0.0014; Number needed to harm (NNTH) = 4.108 (8.53–2.7). Using logistic regression, variables of school attendance, ‘secondary’ traumatic exposure, and treatment with Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) were significantly correlated with the incidence of new-onset depression among adolescents with PTSD.ConclusionsWar-related trauma with subsequent PTSD appears to be a significant risk factor for the later development of depression in adolescents. The role of PTSD as a moderator of depression merits further investigation in larger scale longitudinal studies in diverse populations.

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Examining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Psychopathology in Treatment-Seeking Veterans

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and parenting in military families: A systematic integrative review

Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and parenting in military families: A systematic integrative review

Postdeployment mental health concerns and family functioning in veteran men and women.

Depression in adolescents exposed to war trauma Risk factors for development of depression in adolescents exposed to war trauma: does PTSD matter?

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