Examining the relationship between whiplash kinematics and a direct neurologic injury mechanism

Nuckley, David J.; Nausdle, Joseph A. Van; Raynak, Geoffrey C.; Eck, Michael P.; Perry, Chris; Harrington, R.; Ching, Randal P.

doi:10.1504/ijvd.2003.003237

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Present foraminal area narrowing results are supported by Nuckley et al, 20 who evaluated the potential for nerve root injury only in nonspondylotic foramen caused by area narrowing and reported no potential for injury. In contrast, using additional parameters of foraminal width and height narrowing, the present study found that both nerve root and ganglion are at risk for injury due to rear impact.…”

Section: C2-c3supporting

confidence: 72%

Dynamic Intervertebral Foramen Narrowing During Simulated Rear Impact

Panjabi

Maak²,

Ivancic³

et al. 2006

Spine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: C2-c3supporting

confidence: 72%

Dynamic Intervertebral Foramen Narrowing During Simulated Rear Impact

Panjabi

Maak²,

Ivancic³

et al. 2006

Spine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These cumulative data indicate no risk of cord compression due to bony impingement in those with normal canal diameters [14]; however, ganglia compression injury may occur due to foraminal width and height narrowing [15,29]. Foraminal area narrowing was unable to predict neural tissue injury in those without cervical stenosis, again consistent with previous studies [13]. Our data with NHR demonstrated greater potential ganglion and nerve root compression in those with cervical stenosis due to nonphysiologic foraminal width, height, and area narrowing (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Other studies have determined neural tissue injury potential due to simulated rear crashes of human headneck specimens. Using custom transducers to determine spinal canal and foraminal area narrowing, the greatest foraminal area reductions occurred at C5/6 and C6/7, but were of insufficient magnitude to cause injury [13]. Another study found that spinal cord injury during rear impact was unlikely in subjects with normal cervical canal diameters; however, those with severe cervical spinal canal stenosis may be at risk [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical neural space narrowing during simulated rear crashes with anti-whiplash systems

Ivancic

2012

Eur Spine J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Chronic radicular symptoms have been documented in whiplash patients, potentially caused by cervical neural tissue compression during an automobile rear crash. Our goals were to determine neural space narrowing of the lower cervical spine during simulated rear crashes with whiplash protection system (WHIPS) and active head restraint (AHR) and to compare these data to those obtained with no head restraint (NHR). We extrapolated our results to determine the potential for cord, ganglion, and nerve root compression. Methods Our model, consisting of a human neck specimen within a BioRID II crash dummy, was subjected to simulated rear crashes in a WHIPS seat (n = 6, peak 12.0 g and DV 11.4 kph) or AHR seat and subsequently with NHR (n = 6, peak 11.0 g and DV 10.2 kph with AHR; peak 11.5 g and DV 10.7 kph with NHR). Cervical canal and foraminal narrowing were computed and average peak values statistically compared (P \ 0.05) between WHIPS, AHR, and NHR. Results Average peak canal and foramen narrowing could not be statistically differentiated between WHIPS, AHR, or NHR. Peak narrowing with WHIPS or AHR was 2.7 mm for canal diameter and 1.6 mm, 2.7 mm, and 5.9 mm 2 for foraminal width, height and area, respectively. Conclusions While lower cervical spine cord compression during a rear crash is unlikely in those with normal canal diameters, our results demonstrated foraminal kinematics sufficient to compress spinal ganglia and nerve roots. Future anti-whiplash systems designed to reduce cervical neural space narrowing may lead to reduced radicular symptoms in whiplash patients.

show abstract

“…In addition to clinical evidence of neurological injury due to whiplash-type trauma, biomechanical models have been used to quantify narrowing of the cervical spinal canal due to static pure moment application, and dynamic simulated rear impacts [7,22,32,33]. Using spinal canal and intervertebral foramen occlusion transducers, Nuckley et al [33] simulated rear impacts up to 8 g using a whole cervical spine model and reported non-significant spinal canal diameter narrowing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using spinal canal and intervertebral foramen occlusion transducers, Nuckley et al [33] simulated rear impacts up to 8 g using a whole cervical spine model and reported non-significant spinal canal diameter narrowing. Using the whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication, Ito et al [22] simulated rear impacts up to 8 g and calculated the dynamic spinal canal narrowing using rigid body transformation of intervertebral kinematic data recorded optically.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%