Examining the role of natural gas and advanced vehicle technologies in mitigating CO2 emissions of heavy-duty trucks: Modeling prototypical British Columbia routes with road grades

Lajevardi, S. Mojtaba; Axsen, Jonn; Crawford, Curran

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2018.02.011

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In our previous study [156], the speed profiles from California HDT data and grade profiles from BC were paired together to generate several prototypical BC drive cycles. The drive cycles in the current study (see Figure 3- was recorded at more than one-minute intervals.…”

Section: Drive Cycle Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A backward-looking energy consumption model that was developed for vehicle performance analysis of CNG and diesel trucks [156] was extended for this study to include 14 more alternative drivetrains. Additionally, the energy consumption model was improved by estimating the energy storage size for all drivetrains with respect to the associated drive cycle.…”

Section: Fuel Efficiency and On-road Co 2 Emissions Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is the zero order of rolling friction coefficients, is the road grade angle, CD is the aerodynamic coefficient, Af is the vehicle frontal area, is the air density, v is the vehicle speed, ε is a mass correction factor for moving rotary components of the vehicle. The engine power, torque, speed, and fuel consumption for drivetrains with conventional diesel and CNG engines were calculated using the detailed method provided in [156]. The goal of the study was to determine the impact of drivetrain masses on HDT performance if they all can carry the same mass of 16,050 as an average of cargo mass for HDTs [59].…”

Section: Fuel Efficiency and On-road Co 2 Emissions Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all drivetrains with combustion engines, the on-road CO2 emissions (tank to wheel (TTW)) was obtained by translating the fuel consumption into CO2 emissions based on the carbon content of the fuel [156]. The following equation was used to account for the amount of CO2 emissions in g/tkm:…”

Section: On-road Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they did not include the impact of energy consumption under real driving conditions and various drivetrains configurations that are the focus of the present study. The authors of the present study [156] previously examined the role of natural gas and advanced diesel in reducing on-road CO2 emissions of heavy-duty trucks. The objective of the current study is expand that study to explore and examine additional low-carbon technologies beyond natural gas and advanced diesel drivetrains for heavy-duty trucks to help BC achieving the 2050 GHG targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing alternative heavy-duty drivetrains based on GHG emissions, ownership and abatement costs: Simulations of freight routes in British Columbia

Lajevardi

Axsen

Crawford

2019

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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Heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) are vital in delivering products to the consumers around the world and help maintain the quality of life. However, they are heavily depending on fossil diesel use, which causing global climate change as well as local air pollutions. Although they represent a small percentage of vehicle population, they emit more than 30% of GHGs in road transportation or 5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Furthermore, GHG emissions from this sector are expected to steadily grow due to economic growth, globalization, industrialization, online shopping, and fast delivery expectations. This study was focused on the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) as a case study where HDTs are responsible for more than 4% of total provincial GHGs. BC, along with many regions around the world, has been committed to reduce its GHG emissions by 80% below 2007 levels by 2050. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of meeting this objective for BC HDTs using alternative drivetrain technologies. First, a component-level model was developed in Matlab to compute on-road energy consumption and CO2 emissions of compressed natural gas and diesel HDTs based on their physical parameters (e.g. mass) over several selected drive cycles. Results of the first contribution indicated a compressed natural gas (CNG) drivetrain emits 13-15% fewer GHG than a comparable diesel. Road grades of several main BC routes were included in the drive cycle simulations, which is an important factor that can increase the fuel consumption and CO2 emission by as much as 24% relative to a flat route assumption. In the second contribution, the physical energy consumption model was extended to compare 16 diverse drivetrain technologies, including a pure battery electric. The comparison metrics were also extended to well-to-wheel GHG emissions, total ownership costs (TOC) (including infrastructure), and abatement costs (based on incremental TOC cost over GHG emissions reduction), and cargo capacity impacts. The 16 considered drivetrains were distinguished by their fuel types, combustion technology, drivetrain architecture, and connection to the electricity grid (e.g. catenary vs fast charging stations). Next, the activity data of 1,616 HDTs operating in BC with sparse recording intervals was used to select 6 representative freight routes with different ranges of 120-950 km split into short and long haul routes. A combination of filtering and interpolation techniques was used to develop 1-Hz drive cycles compatible with the level of plug-in hybrid adoption. It was found infrastructure density increases the probability of meeting the 2050 target on both short and long haul HDTs. However, the increase in the probability is much higher for the short haul segment. Among various infrastructure roll-out scenarios, rapid deployment of hydrogen fueling stations was found to have the highest positive impact on GHG emissions reduction for both short and long haul markets. Both battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell drivetrains can succeed in...

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Section: Drive Cycle Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Efficiency and On-road Co 2 Emissions Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Efficiency and On-road Co 2 Emissions Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On-road Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing alternative heavy-duty drivetrains based on GHG emissions, ownership and abatement costs: Simulations of freight routes in British Columbia

Lajevardi

Axsen

Crawford

2019

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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Transition of heavy‐duty trucks from diesel to hydrogen fuel cells: Opportunities, challenges, and recommendations

Djilali

Rosen

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Fuel cell and hydrogen energy technologies have been investigated by academia, industry, and government to reduce air pollution and mitigate global warming. The transition of heavy‐duty trucks (HDTs) from diesel to hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) could maintain the contribution of HDTs to freight transport at nearly zero carbon dioxide emission. This paper analyzes and discusses the opportunities and challenges of this transition and presents recommendations. The opportunities include the global need for HDTs with low emissions and a long driving range, the unique advantages of HFCs for future energy systems, the anticipated cost reduction of HFCs owing to economies of scale, and the excellent market potential of zero‐emission trucks. The challenges include the high total usage cost, research and development barriers, and market share competition from other alternatives. Some recommendations are proposed: synergistic utilization of a battery and HFCs in the HDTs power system, an incremental transition pathway, and the construction of a hydrogen highway based on renewable electricity. This study attempts to provide techno‐economic insights and direction for the transition of HDTs from diesel to HFCs.

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Freight truck emissions reductions with connected vehicle technology: A case study with I-710 in California

Chandra

Nguyen

2020

Case Studies on Transport Policy

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Examining the role of natural gas and advanced vehicle technologies in mitigating CO2 emissions of heavy-duty trucks: Modeling prototypical British Columbia routes with road grades

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Comparing alternative heavy-duty drivetrains based on GHG emissions, ownership and abatement costs: Simulations of freight routes in British Columbia

Comparing alternative heavy-duty drivetrains based on GHG emissions, ownership and abatement costs: Simulations of freight routes in British Columbia

Transition of heavy‐duty trucks from diesel to hydrogen fuel cells: Opportunities, challenges, and recommendations

Freight truck emissions reductions with connected vehicle technology: A case study with I-710 in California

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