2020
DOI: 10.1007/s11251-020-09523-4
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Example-based learning: should learners receive closed-book or open-book self-explanation prompts?

Abstract: In learning from examples, students are often first provided with basic instructional explanations of new principles and concepts and second with examples thereof. In this sequence, it is important that learners self-explain by generating links between the basic instructional explanations' content and the examples. Therefore, it is well established that learners receive self-explanation prompts. However, there is hardly any research on whether these prompts should be provided in a closed-book format-in which l… Show more

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Cited by 27 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…Hence, we would argue that future research should experimentally disentangle the potential effects of retrieval, generation, and perceptions of social presence. A fruitful approach for instance could be to cross different factors such as the availability of learning materials (open-versus closedbook) to manipulate the amount of retrieval activities during non-interactive teaching (see Hiller et al, 2020, for related approaches on self-explaining), and the social presence during the teaching tasks, for instance by manipulating the presence of a student (e.g., Hoogerheide et al, 2020b;Lachner et al, 2021).…”
Section: Research Agenda 1: Mechanisms Of Non-interactive Teachingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, we would argue that future research should experimentally disentangle the potential effects of retrieval, generation, and perceptions of social presence. A fruitful approach for instance could be to cross different factors such as the availability of learning materials (open-versus closedbook) to manipulate the amount of retrieval activities during non-interactive teaching (see Hiller et al, 2020, for related approaches on self-explaining), and the social presence during the teaching tasks, for instance by manipulating the presence of a student (e.g., Hoogerheide et al, 2020b;Lachner et al, 2021).…”
Section: Research Agenda 1: Mechanisms Of Non-interactive Teachingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, in more applied research settings, educational psychologists tend to examine learning strategies more often also in the context of self-regulated learning, that is, in terms of what, how, and for how long students choose to study and in comparison to study strategies such as note taking (Heitmann et al, 2018;Rummer et al, 2017) that are more effective and of higher utility than restudy. For example, when completing a study guide, students can choose the degree to which they practice retrieving information from memory versus rely on their textbooks to find relevant information (e.g., Agarwal et al, 2008;Hiller et al, 2020). In this Special Issue, we refer to learning strategies often, but not exclusively, in instructional scenarios in which students have the self-regulated control about the how and when to apply various learning strategies (see Nückles et al, 2020).…”
Section: Instruction Of Learning Strategies and Facilitating Its Usementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Je besser die Lernenden das Lernmaterial eingangs verarbeiten, desto höher sollte der Abruferfolg bei der Bearbeitung der Lernaufgaben sein und desto geringer sollte die Unterlegenheit eines Closed-Book-Formats gegenüber einem Open-Book-Format hinsichtlich der ausgeführten Wissenskonstruktionsaktivitäten ausfallen. Dieser K Ansatz wurde in den zwei Experimenten von Hiller et al (2020) untersucht. Im Speziellen haben die Autor*innen untersucht, ob in der initialen Lernphase die Gabe von Prompts zur Anregung einer fokussierten Verarbeitung der Lerninhalte, die zentral für die Bearbeitung der anschließenden (Closed-oder Open-Book) Lernaufgaben sind, den abträglichen Effekt des Closed-Book-Formats verringert.…”
Section: Wege Um Abträgliche Effekte Eines Closed-book-formats Zu Verringernunclassified
“…Heitmann et al (2018), oder das Generieren einer Selbsterklärung auf der Basis mehrerer grundlegender Prinzipien, vgl. Hiller et al 2020), können die Lernenden hingegen nicht den inhaltlichen Fokus bei der Ausführung der Wissenskonstruktionsaktivitäten verschieben. Hier sollten die abträglichen Effekte eines Closed-Book-Formats entsprechend auch die Quantität und Qualität der ausgeführten Wissenskonstruktionsaktivitäten bedeutend betreffen.…”
Section: Weiterführende Offene Fragen Zum Closed-book-formatunclassified
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