Excavating new facts from ancient Hepatitis B virus sequences

Datta, Sibnarayan

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.002

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Concurring with Mühlemann et al [ 32 ]’s study, Krause showed recombination events over time and similarity between the earliest ancient HBV sequences of the Neolithic era and modern HBV genotypes E and G[ 36 ]. By comparing the sequences from the above two studies, Datta et al [ 39 ] was able to confirm the previous findings of the presence of remnants of genotype E in ancient sequences from the Neolithic and Bronze age[ 32 , 36 , 39 ].…”

Section: Genotype E In Africa and Its Originssupporting

confidence: 59%

Genotype E: The neglected genotype of hepatitis B virus

Ingasia¹,

Kinge²,

Kramvis³

2021

WJH

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (sub)genotypes A1, D3 and E circulate in sub-Saharan Africa, the region with one of the highest incidences of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma globally. Although genotype E was identified more than 20 years ago, and is the most widespread genotype in Africa, it has not been extensively studied. The current knowledge status and gaps in its origin and evolution, natural history of infection, disease progression, response to antiviral therapy and vaccination are discussed. Genotype E is an African genotype, with unique molecular characteristics that is found mainly in Western and Central Africa and rarely outside Africa except in individuals of African descent. The low prevalence of this genotype in the African descendant populations in the New World, phylogeographic analyses, the low genetic diversity and evidence of remnants of genotype E in ancient HBV samples suggests the relatively recent re-introduction into the population. There is scarcity of information on the clinical and virological characteristics of genotype E-infected patients, disease progression and outcomes and efficacy of anti-HBV drugs. Individuals infected with genotype E have been characterised with high hepatitis B e antigen-positivity and high viral load with a lower end of treatment response to interferon-alpha. A minority of genotype E-infected participants have been included in studies in which treatment response was monitored. Of concern is that current guidelines do not consider patients infected with genotype E. Thus, there is an urgent need for further large-scale investigations into genotype E, the neglected genotype of HBV.

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Section: Genotype E In Africa and Its Originssupporting

confidence: 59%

Genotype E: The neglected genotype of hepatitis B virus

Ingasia¹,

Kinge²,

Kramvis³

2021

WJH

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“…Phylogenetic testing of the Bronze Age isolates showed the RISE386/387 samples, which were collected from Bulanovo Russia, had clustered as basal partners within clade genotype A. Interestingly, the RISE387 has some, but not all NHP sequence motifs, while the RISE 386 has predominantly human HBV sequence motifs ( Table 1 ). Although the isolate RISE387 does not consistently cluster with genotype A as shown by Datta (2020) , it is <8% genetically different from contemporary genotype A isolates. This suggests the geographical origin of genotype A may have been Central Asia, in agreement with studies using contemporary sequences, which also concluded a Middle East/Central Asia origin for genotype A ( Kramvis and Paraskevis, 2013 ; Paraskevis et al, 2013 ; Kostaki et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Ancient Hbv Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…These NHP sequences provided a major contribution to the Neolithic and early Bronze Age aHBV, suggesting an African origin for these extinct genotypes (see Table 1). Finally, Muhlemann et al (2018) identified ancestral A in isolates RISE386/387, while Datta (2020) further identified chimpanzee and genotype C2 sequences. The ancestors of DA51 with an unknown parent sequence combined to form ancestral genotype A, the oldest known genotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…An independent analysis by Datta (2020) confirmed and extended these findings and suggested a RISE563-like sequence could have contributed to existing genotype I sequences, which is composed of genotypes A, C, and G. Again, this analysis suggested NHP-like HBV sequences were major contributors to the Neolithic and early Bronze Age aHBV sequences with minor contributions from HBV genotype D (subgenotype D6) and E-like sequences. Furthermore, sequences similar to genotype C (subgenotype C2) and gibbon HBV were detected in Neolithic and Bronze Age aHBV isolates from Europe/ central Asia (Datta, 2020). Considering genotype I is a triple recombinant of genotype A, C, and G, these findings may not be that surprising after all.…”

Section: Ancient Hbv Recombinantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Such recombination events may have played an important role in the current distribution of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes following Homo sapiens exit from Africa and subsequent global diaspora. It is interesting to note that Datta, (2020) observed components of chimpanzees and subgenotype C2 HBV in aHBV samples from the Bronze Age (RISE 386/387) that were distantly related to the ancestral genotype A, from around 4 kya isolated from Bulanovo, Russia.…”

Section: Mixed Co-infections and Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Origins and Evolution of the Primate Hepatitis B Virus

Locarnini

Yuen

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Recent interest in the origins and subsequent evolution of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has strengthened with the discovery of ancient HBV sequences in fossilized remains of humans dating back to the Neolithic period around 7,000 years ago. Metagenomic analysis identified a number of African non-human primate HBV sequences in the oldest samples collected, indicating that human HBV may have at some stage, evolved in Africa following zoonotic transmissions from higher primates. Ancestral genotype A and D isolates were also discovered from the Bronze Age, not in Africa but rather Eurasia, implying a more complex evolutionary and migratory history for HBV than previously recognized. Most full-length ancient HBV sequences exhibited features of inter genotypic recombination, confirming the importance of recombination and the mutation rate of the error-prone viral replicase as drivers for successful HBV evolution. A model for the origin and evolution of HBV is proposed, which includes multiple cross-species transmissions and favors subsequent recombination events that result in a pathogen and can successfully transmit and cause persistent infection in the primate host.

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