Excavations at Nippur, 1948-50

McCown, Donald E.

doi:10.1086/371085

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A more comprehensive investigation was then conducted by the Oriental Institute of Chicago between 1948 and 1990 with 19 seasons of excavation. All of the previous investigation works were focused upon the archaeological objects such as tracing the site and borders of buildings as well as the pottery, documents written on clay tablets [1,6]. Today, the overall site is covered by sand dunes, so the monuments of the aforementioned excavations disappeared.…”

Section: The City Of Nippur Is Located In the South Of Iraq About 170mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, it was difficult to perform the detailed investigation for the method of construction. On this basis, the evaluation was limited by observing the apparent structures (Ekur Ziggurat) with helps of excavations data published by Oriental Institute of Chicago [1,4,6,[11][12][13].…”

Section: Site Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most ancient cities in the world is Nippur, which has a recorded history back to 5000 B.C [1]. Some of the landmarks of this city still exist from that era [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, parts of Nippur are thought to predate the Ziggurat of Ur (2600 B.C) and the Pyramids in Egypt (2580 B.C) [3]. The city of Nippur with its many buildings and temples in addition to the earlier library was probably more literate than other towns [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the clay masonry units and construction technique at the ancient city of Nippur

Al-Sibahy

Edwards

2017

Engineering Structures

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This paper describes a programme of experimental measurements performed in support of a parallel programme of field investigations to evaluate the construction methods used at the site of the ancient city of Nippur. The experimental programme investigated both the mechanical properties and durability of the ancient clay masonry units used in the construction of buildings at Nippur including tests for dimensional consistency and flatness, density, compressive strength, initial rate of water absorption and thermal properties. The test results have been compared with those for modern brick units available nowadays in Iraq and with hard natural stone samples.The field investigations showed that the important buildings were constructed using composite walls inclusion firing clay masonry units with two nominal dimensions (30× 30×7) cm and (30× 15× 7) cm (l, w and h). The formulation of working design technique was followed to achieve the member stability under applied loads. Layers of bitumen material were used as a binder for both bed and head joints in order to provide the desired strength level for the masonry wall. The experimental results show that the ancient brick units and stone samples exceed the tolerance and range of dimensions limits recommended by current EN Standards. Lower density values were recorded for the ancient brick units compared with that for both modern clay brick and stone specimens and these values showed agreement with the modern classification of high density (HD) units. Approximately similar values of compressive strength were observed for both ancient brick units and natural stone samples reaching about 17 MPa, whilst modern clay brick samples showed lower compressive strength value suitable for application of partition walls. The initial rate of water absorption increases with an increase of the soaking time, but tends to decrease after 90 minutes for both ancient and modern brick units. Superior performance in terms of thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and durability under fire action were observed for the ancient brick samples compared with modern clay brick and stone samples.

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Section: The City Of Nippur Is Located In the South Of Iraq About 170mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most ancient cities in the world is Nippur, which has a recorded history back to 5000 B.C [1]. Some of the landmarks of this city still exist from that era [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of the clay masonry units and construction technique at the ancient city of Nippur

Al-Sibahy

Edwards

2017

Engineering Structures

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The Vitruvian legacy: Mortars and binders before and after the Roman world

Artioli

Secco

Addis

2019

The Contribution of Mineralogy to Cultural Heritage

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A brief history of the nature, use and technology of binders in ancient constructions and buildings is outlined, including the apparent chronological discontinuities related to technological developments. The skilled and clever use of mineral resources is at the base of the technical achievements related to architectural activities, from simple adobe to high-performance modern concrete. It is argued that among pre-industrial binders the Roman pozzolanic mortars were highly optimized materials, skillfully prepared and very durable. Their innovative use in architecture is one of the keys of the successful expansion of the Roman Empire. The role of mineralogy and mineral reactions is emphasized in terms of: (1) the preparation and manufacturing of the binding materials; (2) the hardening process and the development of the physical properties of the binder; and (3) the archaeometric reconstruction of the ancient materials.

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Excavations at Nippur, 1948-50

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of the clay masonry units and construction technique at the ancient city of Nippur

Characterization of the clay masonry units and construction technique at the ancient city of Nippur

The Vitruvian legacy: Mortars and binders before and after the Roman world

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