Excellent thermal performance of gallium-based liquid metal alloy as thermal interface material between aluminum substrates

Ji, Yulong; Yan, Huilong; Xiao, Xu; Xu, Jiantong; Li, Yantao; Chang, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114649

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Room-temperature liquid metals and alloys, from here on called liquid metals, are those metals and alloys that are liquid at or near room temperature, having good electrical and thermal conductivity compared to other moldable materials and low toxicity compared to mercury. − These properties in combination with their fluidity render liquid metals exceptional for applications as thermal interface materials, in flexible electronics and e-skins, and self-healing electronics . Furthermore, liquid metals find applications in the biomedical field, i.e., for drug delivery and thermal therapy. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Tension of the Oxide Skin of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals

et al. 2021

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Gallium-based alloys have garnered considerable attention in the scientific community, particularly as they are in an atypical liquid state at and near room temperature. Though physical parameters, such as thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, viscosity, yield stress, and surface tension, of these alloys are broadly known, the surface tension (surface free energy) of the oxide skin remains intangible due to the high yield stress of the oxide skin. In this article, we propose to employ gradually attenuated vibrations to obtain equilibrium shapes, which are analyzed along the lines of the puddle height method. The surface tension of the oxide skin was determined on quartz glass and liquid metal-phobic diamond coating to be around 350−365 mN/m, thus independent of the substrate surface or employed liquid metal (i.e., eutectic Ga−In (EGaIn) and galinstan). The similarity of the surface tension for different alloys was ascribed to the composition of the oxide skin, which predominantly comprises gallium oxides due to thermodynamic constraints. We envision that this method can also be applied to other liquid metal alloys and liquid metal marble systems facilitating modeling, simulation, and optimization processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Tension of the Oxide Skin of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals

et al. 2021

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“…Consisting of polymer with the film-forming ability and reinforcing fillers with high TC, polymer based-paper-like TIMs have been widely researched because of their superior performance effectively maintaining the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of electronic devices. 1) In recent years, the development of paper-like TIMs has been accelerated through the use of carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT). These materials have been widely applied as fillers in TIMs because of their high TC and excellent mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanofiber Sheet for Thermal Interface Materials under High Temperature and Humidity

et al. 2023

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In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) -vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) sheets are fabricated as a new paper-like thermal interface material (TIM), which is a potential substitute for traditional TIMs. Two types of PVA-PTFE-VGCF sheets were fabricated by using 120 nm and 300 nm PTFE particles. The microstructure shows that the VGCFs were arranged in random directions inside the sheet and interconnected via the aggregate of PVA. 300 nm PTFE particles were well distributed within the sheet, while 120 nm PTFE particles aggregated partially and formed pores nearby. The fabricated sheets have a low thickness of 31.2 um and 28.2 um, and lightweight properties with a density of 0.79 © 10 6 g•m ¹3 and 0.91 © 10 6 g•m ¹3 , respectively. With the addition of 300 nm PTFE particles, the fabricated sheet has higher thermal conductivities of 9.81 W•m ¹1 •k ¹1 in the in-plane direction and 2.11 W•m ¹1 •k ¹1 in the through-plane direction. In the high temperature and humidity test, the thermal conductivities of the fabricated sheet were increased due to the rearrangement of PVA and PTFE particles.

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“…Significantly different from traditional liquid, as illustrated in Table 1, room temperature Ga-based liquid metal (LM) combining the characteristics of fluid and metal has recently attracted increased attention [34][35][36][37][38]. They possess excellent fluidity [39,40], extraordinary electrical conductivity [41][42][43], high thermal conductivity [44][45][46], and low toxicity [47][48][49], and therefore show great potential in soft and flexible electronics [50][51][52], biomedicine [53][54][55], thermal interface materials [56][57][58], chemical catalysis [59][60][61][62], and soft robots [63][64][65]. As a metal fluid, LM is immiscible with water, oil, and ionic liquids, which means that bulk LM could be divided into small droplets in other immiscible solutions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsive Liquid Metal Droplets: From Bulk to Nano

et al. 2022

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Droplets exist widely in nature and play an extremely important role in a broad variety of industrial processes. Typical droplets, including water and oil droplets, have received extensive attention and research, however their single properties still cannot meet diverse needs. Fortunately, liquid metal droplets emerging in recent years possess outstanding properties, including large surface tension, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, convenient chemical processing, easy transition between liquid and solid phase state, and large-scale deformability, etc. More interestingly, liquid metal droplets with unique features can respond to external factors, including the electronic field, magnetic field, acoustic field, chemical field, temperature, and light, exhibiting extraordinary intelligent response characteristics. Their development over the past decade has brought substantial breakthroughs and progress. To better promote the advancement of this field, the present article is devoted to systematically summarizing and analyzing the recent fundamental progress of responsive liquid metal droplets, not only involving droplet characteristics and preparation methods, but also focusing on their diverse response behaviors and mechanisms. On this basis, the challenges and prospects related to the following development of liquid metal droplets are also proposed. In the future, responsive liquid metal droplets with a rapid development trend are expected to play a key role in soft robots, biomedicine, smart matter, and a variety of other fields.

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Excellent thermal performance of gallium-based liquid metal alloy as thermal interface material between aluminum substrates

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Surface Tension of the Oxide Skin of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals

Surface Tension of the Oxide Skin of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals

Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanofiber Sheet for Thermal Interface Materials under High Temperature and Humidity

Responsive Liquid Metal Droplets: From Bulk to Nano

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