Exceptional continental record of biotic recovery after the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction

Lyson, Tyler R.; Miller, Ian M.; Bercovici, Antoine; Weissenburger, Ken; Fuentes, Anthony; Clyde, William C.; Hagadorn, James W.; Butrim, Matthew J.; Johnson, Kirk R.; Fleming, Robert W.; Barclay, Richard S.; Maccracken, S. Augusta; Lloyd, Brian D.; Wilson, Gregory P.; Krause, David W.; Chester, Stephen G. B.

doi:10.1126/science.aay2268

Cited by 149 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Basin (Lyson et al, 2019), and Williston Basin (Sprain et al, 2018) but in C28r in the Wasatch Plateau, UT (Tomida and Butler, 1980). However, To1 mammals occur in upper C29n in the Williston Basin of North Dakota and Montana (Peppe et al, 2009;Sprain et al, 2018) and the Crazy Mountain Basin of Montana (Buckley, 2018), in C28r from the Wasatch Plateau of Utah (Tomida and Butler, 1980), and from C28n in the San Juan Basin (this study) (Fig.…”

Section: Regional Nalma Interval Zone Chronology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…10). Previous work from the Williston and Denver Basins suggests that Pu2 mammals first occurred in upper C29r (Peppe et al, 2009;Lyson et al, 2019), suggesting that Pu2 mammals first occur in C29r across western North America (Fig. 10).…”

Section: Regional Nalma Interval Zone Chronology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The "lower black mudstone" lithology from Leslie and others (2018b) is indicated beside the sections where it is present. Basin, CO (Eberle, 2003;Hicks et al, 2003;Dahlberg et al, 2016;Lyson et al, 2019), Wasatch Plateau, UT (Tomida and Butler, 1980), Bighorn and Clark's Fork Basin, WY and MT (Butler et al, 1987), Crazy Mountain Basin, MT (Buckley, 2018), Williston Basin, MT (Sprain et al, 2018), and Williston and Powder River Basins, ND (Peppe et al, 2009). NALMA zones from Lofgren et al (2004) are indicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results indicate that in the SJB the duration between Pu2 and Pu3 fossil localities was very short. Furthermore, age constraints for Pu1 localities from other basins (e.g., Eberle, 2003;Hicks et al, 2003;Peppe et al, 2009;Sprain et al, 2015Sprain et al, , 2018 combined with either the maximum age of Pu2 fossil sites (i.e., in C29r, Peppe et al, 2009;Lyson et al, 2019), or the age of Pu2 sites from the SJB (65.68 Ma), also imply a rapid turnover between Pu1 and Pu2 faunas (Fig. 9).…”

Section: Regional Nalma Interval Zone Chronology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the Pu1-Pu2 and the Pu2-Pu3 turnovers are characterized by the extinction of important zone taxa (e.g., Lofgren et al, 2004). The short durations between Pu1-Pu2 and Pu2-Pu3 fossil sites suggest that the Puercan is characterized by the relatively rapid turnover of earliest Paleocene "disaster taxa" to more diverse recovery faunas (Smith et al, 2018;Lyson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Regional Nalma Interval Zone Chronology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Paleocene Magnetostratigraphy and Revised Biostratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone and Lower Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA

et al. 2020

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The lower Paleocene Ojo Alamo Sandstone and Nacimiento Formation from the San Juan Basin (SJB) in northwestern New Mexico preserve arguably the best early Paleocene mammalian record in North America and is the type location for the Puercan (Pu) and Torrejonian (To) North American land mammal ages (NALMA). However, the lack of precise depositional age constraints for the Ojo Alamo Sandstone and lower Nacimiento Formation has hindered our understanding of the timing and pacing of mammalian community change in the SJB following the Cretaceous−Paleogene mass extinction. Here we produced a high-resolution age model for the Ojo Alamo Sandstone and lower Nacimiento Formation combining magnetostratigraphy and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology spanning the first ∼3.5 m.y. of the Paleocene. Mean sediment accumulation rates during C29n were relatively low (<50 m/m.y.) and equalized from basin center to basin margin indicating an accommodation minimum; sediment accumulation rates approximately double (>90 m/m.y.) during C28r and are highest in the basin center and lowest on basin margin, which indicates high accommodation and an increase in basin subsidence near the C29n/C28r boundary (ca. 64.96 Ma). Puercan fossil localities were restricted to C29n, Torrejonian 1 localities to C28n, and lower Torrejonian 2 localities to C27r. Our revised age model for the SJB suggests that the first appearance of To1 mammals may have been diachronous across North America, with the Torrejonian 1 mammals first appearing in the north (Montana and North Dakota) during C29n, then in middle latitudes (Utah) in C28r, and lastly in southern North America (New Mexico) in C28n.

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Section: Regional Nalma Interval Zone Chronology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Regional Nalma Interval Zone Chronology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Nalma Interval Zone Chronology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Nalma Interval Zone Chronology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Paleocene Magnetostratigraphy and Revised Biostratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone and Lower Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA

et al. 2020

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Body Size Evolution in Crocodylians and Their Extinct Relatives

Godoy

Turner

2020

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Crocodylians are currently facing evolutionary decline. This is evinced by the rich fossil record of their extinct relatives, crocodylomorphs, which show not only significantly higher levels of biodiversity in the past but also remarkable morphological disparity and higher ecological diversity. In terms of body size, crocodylians are mostly large animals (>2 m), especially when compared to other extant reptiles. In contrast, extinct crocodylomorphs exhibited a 10‐fold range in body sizes, with early terrestrial forms often quite small. Recent research has shed new light on the tempo and mode of crocodylomorph body size evolution, demonstrating a close relationship with ecology, in which physiological constraints contribute to the larger sizes of marine species. Abiotic environmental factors can also play an important role within individual subgroups. Crocodylians, for instance, have been experiencing an average size increase during Cenozoic, which seems to be related to a long‐term process of global cooling. Key Concepts Although Crocodylia is currently a depauperate group, the fossil record of its closest extinct relatives, crocodylomorphs, can provide important evidence to answer major evolutionary questions, such as on extinction and diversity loss. Crocodylomorph body size has varied significantly over time, as well as between subgroups, ranging from relatively small (<1 m) to gigantic (>10 m) species. Crocodylomorph body size evolution is not consistent with an overall trend towards large or smaller sizes through time; instead, multiple shifts to different evolutionary regimes can explain the observed body size values. Climate alone cannot explain the evolution of body size in all crocodylomorphs, but some environmental factors had stronger influence on individual subgroups. The usually larger sizes of aquatic and marine crocodylomorphs can be explained by physiological constraints associated with thermoregulation and lung capacity when under the water. A strong correlation between temperature and body size found for members of the crown‐group (Crocodylia) indicates that species became larger on average as the world became cooler during the Cenozoic.

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Biotic Recoveries from Mass Extinction Events

Darroch¹

2021

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The recoveries following mass extinctions are prolonged (∼10 4 –10 6 years) intervals characterised by recovering biodiversity and rapid turnover in community composition, along with a more gradual re‐establishment of Earth systems functioning – a process termed ‘Earth systems succession’. Recent data reveal that recovery intervals differ substantially between the ‘Big Five’ mass extinction events and are typically biogeographically complex, with substantial differences in rates of taxonomic and ecological recovery among different biological groups, environments and latitudes. Although there is some suggestion that the duration of recovery intervals is controlled by environmental factors (e.g. local persistence of the extinction triggers themselves), other work instead hints at ecological interactions and community dynamics as dominant influences. The recovery intervals following a small number of mass extinction events lead to permanent macroecological and ‐evolutionary changes, thus profoundly influencing the history of life and leaving a unique signature in the present‐day structure of the biosphere. Key Concepts The ‘Big 5’ mass extinctions had unique sets of extinction triggers and drivers, which produced unique patterns of extinction selectivity and thus unique patterns of recovery in the aftermath. Recovery from mass extinction can be measured either in terms of raw diversity or in terms of ecosystem structure/function. These two facets of recovery can be decoupled. Recovery intervals are characterised by rapid turnover in community composition; the structure and composition of these communities can, in turn, affect and control recovering Earth systems functioning. Rates and patterns of recovery are typically highly heterogeneous, with substantial differences between taxonomic groups, environments and geographic location. Recovery intervals following a few specific mass extinction events coincided with fundamental and permanent changes in macroecological and ‐evolutionary patterns.

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Exceptional continental record of biotic recovery after the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction

Cited by 149 publications

References 102 publications

Early Paleocene Magnetostratigraphy and Revised Biostratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone and Lower Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA

Early Paleocene Magnetostratigraphy and Revised Biostratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone and Lower Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA

Body Size Evolution in Crocodylians and Their Extinct Relatives

Biotic Recoveries from Mass Extinction Events

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