Exceptions and exemptions under the ballast water management convention – Sustainable alternatives for ballast water management?

Outinen, Okko; Bailey, Sarah A.; Broeg, Katja; Chassé, Joël; Clarke, Stacey; Daigle, Rémi M.; Gollasch, Stephan; Kakkonen, Jenni E.; Lehtiniemi, Maiju; Normant, Monika; Ogilvie, Dawson; Viard, Frédérique

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112823

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Ballast water as much as 10%–50% of the ship's tonnage filling the ballast tanks is drained while in the coastal area, along with changes in the ship's load to return the center of gravity and ship stability ( Bai and Jin, 2016 ). This process resulted in the displacement of approximately 10–12 billion tons of saltwater to other coastal areas ( Simard et al., 2011 ; Bai and Jin, 2016 ; Outinen et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Ballast Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some articles have already studied and reviewed the implementation of IMO 2004 regulation to the current ballast water treatment in cargo ships ( Chen et al., 2021 ; Jang et al., 2020 ; Outinen et al., 2021 ). The most used technologies for on-dock ballast water treatment include chlorination, electrochemical, oxidation, and ozonation ( Summerson et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge: insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products

Kurniawan

Pambudi

Ahmad³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Section: Ballast Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge: insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products

Kurniawan

Pambudi

Ahmad³

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…The applicability of clean-before-you-leave is also dependent on: (a) the vessel's prior itinerary, (b) NIS and pathogen status of areas previously visited since last dry-docking or cleaning event and the recipient area, and (c) proximity to high-value areas (Department of Agriculture [DOA] et al, 2015;Georgiades et al, 2021). While not insurmountable, it requires authorities to determine the boundaries for what would be considered "local/regional" biofouling (Department of Agriculture [DOA] et al, 2015;DAWE, 2021) noting that the larger the area, the less protective it will be in terms of NIS spread (Outinen et al, 2021). This determination should be underpinned by suitable knowledge of the presence/absence of macro-organisms and pathogens (e.g., surveillance programs; Sim-Smith and Diggles, 2019; Woods et al, 2019), while also recognizing that NIS continue to occur and their distributions constantly shift (Bailey et al, 2020).…”

Section: Actionable Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Considerations for Development of Policy and Approvals for In-Water Cleaning of Ship Biofouling

Tamburri

Georgiades

Scianni³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Submerged ship surfaces are often inhabited by diverse sessile and sedentary marine organisms, which can directly impact vessel operations and increase the likelihood of non-indigenous species (NIS) establishment and impacts. Ship in-water cleaning (IWC) systems are now being incorporated into biofouling policy, and rigorous, transparent, and predictive verification testing is vital to regulatory success. Performance criteria for IWC approval should focus on environmental protection goals by including: qualified and independent testing; quantitative, robust, and statistically sound data, rather than qualitative observations; water sampling at all critical control points to characterize the release of harmful materials, including dissolved and particulate biocides; measurable and protective endpoints, rather than percent reductions; determinations of presence or absence of macro-organisms, irrespective of species origins or physiological state; and appropriately trained IWC operators.

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“…As mentioned above, ships that operate locally do not need to install any BWTS. It has been suggested that such an exemption may cause a secondary spread of invasive species [19,20], which could be avoided if these ships use the method we have proposed here. Based on the water production rate of the distilled water maker varying with the performance of the vessel's engine, we installed the RO water maker on both the Salvage Ace and Salvage Champion.…”

Section: Quality Of the Distilled Or Ro Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quality Of the Distilled Or Ro Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Onboard-Produced Drinking Water to Achieve Ballast-Free Management

Lu,

Lui,

Chen

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Based on the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (the Ballast Water Management Convention, or BWM Convention) of the International Maritime Organization, from 8 September 2017, all ships must have an approved Ballast Water Management Treatment System (BWTS) to prevent the invasion of alien species through the discharge of ballast. Generally speaking, the need for an approved BWTS is limited to large vessels, as they are too large or too expensive for small vessels to install. This study aims to propose a simple ballast-free approach for small vessels (e.g., tugs, workboats, research vessels) that require ballast to compensate for the weight loss of fuel when sailing. Our approach involves refitting the dedicated ballast tank of these small vessels to be drinking water tanks and filling the tanks with onboard-generated distilled or reverse osmosis water to adjust the stability of the ships. We assessed our approach using three vessels. Two ships using our proposed method were certified by the American Bureau of Shipping as containing no ballast water tank, and not being subject to the BWM Convention. This study provides an environmentally harmless, easy to use, and economical approach for small vessels to comply with the BWM Convention.

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Exceptions and exemptions under the ballast water management convention – Sustainable alternatives for ballast water management?

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge: insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products

Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge: insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products

Technical Considerations for Development of Policy and Approvals for In-Water Cleaning of Ship Biofouling

Using Onboard-Produced Drinking Water to Achieve Ballast-Free Management

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