Excess Dietary Vanadium Induces the Changes of Subsets and Proliferation of Splenic T Cells in Broilers

Abstract

The purpose of this 42-day study was to investigate the effects of dietary excess vanadium on immune function by determining changes of the subsets and proliferation function of splenic T cells. Four hundred twenty 1-day-old avian broilers were divided into six groups and fed on a corn-soybean basal diet as control diet or the same diet amended to contain 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 ppm of vanadium supplied as ammonium metavanadate. When compared with those of the control group, the percentage of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ of splenic T cells were decreased in the 45 and 60 ppm groups; however, the percentage of CD3+ and CD3+CD4+ were increased in the 5 ppm group, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were raised in the 5 and 15 ppm groups at 14 days of age. Meanwhile, the proliferation of splenic T cells were depressed in the 45 and 60 ppm groups but raised in the 5 and 15 ppm groups. Also, the serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents were decreased in the 45 and 60 ppm groups and increased in the 5 ppm group. It was concluded that dietary vanadium in excess of 30 ppm changed the percentages of splenic T cell subsets and inhibited the proliferation of splenic T cells and reduced the serum IL-2 and IL-6 contents. The cellular immune function was finally impaired in broilers.

Effect of Dietary Vanadium on Cecal Tonsil T Cell Subsets and IL-2 Contents in Broilers

“…CD 4 + T cells concentrate in the inter-follicular areas, and both CD 3 + and CD 8 + T cells distribute in the lamina propria and epithelium [17]. In the present study, the percentages of CD 3 + , CD 3 + CD 8 + , and CD 3 + CD 4 + in cecal tonsil were decreased in 45 and 60 mg/kg groups and increased in 5 mg/kg group, which were consistent with the results of our recent studies [18,19]. The results showed that the population and biological function of mature T cells were affected.…”

“…The composition of mature T cells decides the biological function of mature T cells and is related to the cellular immune function of the body. The results of our recent studies show that dietary vanadium in excess of 30 mg/kg can reduce the splenic and peripheral blood T cell population and proliferation and the serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) contents [18,19].…”

The Relevance of Cytokines for Mucosal Immunity Induced By Dietary Vanadium in the Intestine of Broilers

“…Other biological functions of vanadium and vanadium compounds as anti-tumor drugs, anti-parasitic agents and their estrogenic actions, reflecting recently medicinal applications of this element, and their availability and safety for clinical use have also been described recently [6]. In addition, our studies show that excessive vanadium strongly negatively affects the normal cellular immunity [7][8][9][10].…”

Role of Vanadium in Cellular and Molecular Immunology: Association with Immune‐Related Inflammation and Pharmacotoxicology Mechanisms

“…Because of that, secretion of IL-2 and IL-6 is affected ( Figure 3 ). Furthermore, ammonium metavanadate (NH 4 VO 3 ) ( Table 1 ) inhibits the proliferation activity of CD3 + , CD3 + CD4 + , and CD3 + CD8 + splenic T cells and depresses their activity in broilers [ 19 ]. According to this study, vanadium can affect the percentage of splenic T cell subsets, the proliferation of splenic T cells, and serum IL-2 and IL-6 content.…”