Excess free energies and entropies at 45.deg. for ternary system acetonitrile-benzene-carbon tetrachloride

Clarke, H. Anthony; Missen, R. W.

doi:10.1021/je60063a007

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran (Sigma-Aldrich) have been purchased of quality to reduce any additional preparation; only the amount of water was determined in them as before in [BMIm][NTf 2 ]. The quality of all chemicals was confirmed by the comparison of density, d , and refractive index, n D , with the literature values. ,,− It is presented together with the basic characteristic of pure substances at 298.15 K in Table . All solutions were prepared by mass using an analytical balance Acculab ATL-224I with an accuracy of ± 0.1 mg directly before measurements and were degassed in ultrasonic cleaner.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“… a Standard uncertainties u are u ( d ) = 0.00005 g·cm –3 and u ( n D ) = 0.0002. b Reference . c Reference . d Reference . e Reference . f Reference . g Reference . h Reference . i Reference . j Reference . k Reference . l Reference . m Reference . n Reference . o Reference . p Reference . q Reference . r Reference . s Reference . t Reference . u Reference . v Reference . w Reference . x Reference . y Reference . z Reference . …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acoustic and Volumetric Properties of Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with Acetonitrile and Tetrahydrofuran

Geppert‐Rybczyńska

Sitarek

2014

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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Speeds of sound and densities of binary mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with acetonitrile or with tetrahydrofuran have been measured within the temperature range of (298.15 to 313.15) K. From these experimental values, some related quantities have been derived, such as adiabatic compressibility coefficients, κ s , excess molar volumes, V E , excess molar compressions, K S E , apparent molar volumes, V ϕ , partial molar volumes, V̅ i , excess partial molar volumes, V̅ i E , and apparent molar adiabatic compressions, K S,ϕ . It has been found that concentration dependence of speed of sound in investigated systems resembles that of surface tension. Also, it has been observed that excess molar volumes and adiabatic compressions of some shorter chain 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides in mixtures with the same solvent are very similar.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic and Volumetric Properties of Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with Acetonitrile and Tetrahydrofuran

Geppert‐Rybczyńska

Sitarek

2014

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…The temperature of 75 °C was chosen as the maximum temperature. The saturation vapor pressure p of acetonitrile depending on temperature T can be approximated with the well-known Magnus-formula (eq ) Fitting this equation to experimental data from the literature, − the constants can be determined to be a = 33.89 hPa, b = 13.69, and c = 247.76 °C.…”

Section: Accelerated Lifetime Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime and Performance Assessment of Commercial Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Based on Cover Layer Formation

Teuber

Strautmann

Drillkens

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The lifetime and performance of energy storage systems are essential characteristics for a major success of clean energy innovations, especially regarding the automotive sector. In this area, electric double-layer capacitors represent the cutting edge of nonfaradaic, high power, and long lifetime energy storages. Usually, degradation is neglected while operating or it is assessed by referring to simple rules of thumb. To better address the aging effects, commercial specimens have been investigated in-depth. The works can be split into two parts: first, extensive accelerated aging for more than 3 years to statistically analyze the degradation trend and significantly improve the current rules. Second, cell opening and surface characterization of the electrodes to gain a profound understanding of the ongoing processes and to correlate aging mechanisms to the statistics of the first part. It is found that a prominent cover layer forms during degradation on the positive electrode scaling with lost capacitance. The used methods for in-depth characterization include microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis with subsequent mass spectrometry. The newly formed layer consists of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (also known as Teflon) that is still passable by charge carriers, albeit with a longer time constant. Additionally, the negative electrode shows corrosion and loss of contact. The composition of the cover layer has not been known yet. Thus, materials and especially electrolyte development can benefit from the results.

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Thermodynamics of solutions with solvent and solute in different pure states

1988

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In trod uc tion The equations of solution thermodynamics are based on the model of an ideal solution, in which the fugacity of every component is proportional to its mole fraction:In the symmetrical convention, Ki is the fugacity of pure ith liquid. Real mixtures are characterized in terms of activity coefficients ( r i ) defined by: Activity coefficients of different components are not independent; relations between them as well as their dependence on temperature, pressure, and composition are concisely described by "excess functions" such as the excess Gibbs free energy:

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Excess free energies and entropies at 45.deg. for ternary system acetonitrile-benzene-carbon tetrachloride

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Acoustic and Volumetric Properties of Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with Acetonitrile and Tetrahydrofuran

Acoustic and Volumetric Properties of Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with Acetonitrile and Tetrahydrofuran

Lifetime and Performance Assessment of Commercial Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Based on Cover Layer Formation

Thermodynamics of solutions with solvent and solute in different pure states

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