Excess free fructose, apple juice, high fructose corn syrup and childhood asthma risk – the National Children’s Study

DeChristopher, Luanne Robalo; Tucker, Katherine L.

doi:10.1186/s12937-020-00578-0

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…Second, several confounding factors have also influenced gut microbiome dysbiosis, such as geographical region, diet, and indoor/outdoor pollution. Third, changes in food composition were associated with intestinal flora disorder, especially the ratio of fructose to glucose (14,15); thus, it would have been valuable to evaluate participants for fructose malabsorption via a hydrogen breath test. Finally, our study did not include paired sputum samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, excess drinks with free fructose probably lead to higher fructose/glucose ratios in the gut, which weakens intestinal absorption of fructose. The variation of microenvironment shifts the diversity of intestinal bacteria, which finally increases the incidence of asthma (14,15). Alterations in the gut microbiota early in life are associated with the risk of asthma (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered gut microbiome compositions are associated with the severity of asthma

Wang¹,

Lai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

J Thorac Dis

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Background: Despite substantial evidence on the contribution of the diversity of the gut microbiome to the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic diseases, little is known about their relationship with asthma severity and/or clinical phenotypes. We analyzed the difference in composition of the gut microbiome between subjects with asthma and healthy subjects and explored its role in the development of asthma. Methods: Fecal samples from 15 subjects with severe asthma (SA), 14 with non-severe asthma (NSA), and 15 healthy subjects were assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing methods to identify the gut bacterial composition. Results: Compared with those in the NSA group, patients in the SA group had a higher dose of inhaled corticosteroids, and there were more atopic subjects (60% vs. 35.7%, respectively). No significant differences were found at the phylum level either in operational taxonomic unit numbers or in diversity scores among the SA, NSA, and healthy groups. However, at the family level, the relative abundance of Acidaminococcaceae in the SA group was remarkedly lower than that in the group with healthy subjects (P<0.05). Furthermore, Veillonellaceae and Prevotellaceae were significantly more common in samples from the SA group than in those from the NSA group (P<0.05). In the SA group, positive correlations were observed between the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae and mid-expiratory flow 25% (MEF25%) predicted (r=0.538, P=0.047), as well as between the relative abundance of Acidaminococcaceae and body mass index (r=0642, P=0.010). Principal component analysis suggested that the relative abundances of Acidaminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae were associated with severe asthma. Moreover, we found that class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales, and family Alcaligenaceae were significantly different among the groups defined by serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that altered gut microbiome compositions are involved in the severity of asthma and that there are specific bacteria related to different asthma phenotypes in terms of serum IgE levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered gut microbiome compositions are associated with the severity of asthma

Wang¹,

Lai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

J Thorac Dis

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“…Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and fructose-rich fruit juices have been associated with markers of cardiometabolic disease, such as triglycerides (sugars are used for de novo lipogenesis) and HbA1c, as well as with increased risk of arthritis and asthma in pediatric populations, possibly due to increased fructose-induced AGEs formation, RAGE activation and inflammation [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. A recent meta-analysis concluded that increased energy density of meals and food source (processed foods) are key determinants of fructose impact on glycemic control and insulinemia [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Impact of Natural Sugars from Fruit Juices and Added Sugars on Caloric Intake, Body Weight, Glycaemia, Oxidative Stress and Glycation in Diabetic Rats

et al. 2021

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Although fruit juices are a natural source of sugars, there is a controversy whether their sugar content has similar harmful effects as beverages’ added-sugars. We aimed to study the role of fruit juice sugars in inducing overweight, hyperglycaemia, glycation and oxidative stress in normal and diabetic animal models. In diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, we compared the effects of four different fruit juices (4-weeks) with sugary solutions having a similar sugar profile and concentration. In vitro, the sugary solutions were more susceptible to AGE formation than fruit juices, also causing higher postprandial glycaemia and lower erythrocytes’ antioxidant capacity in vivo (single intake). In GK rats, ad libitum fruit juice consumption (4-weeks) did not change body weight, glycaemia, oxidative stress nor glycation. Consumption of a matched volume of sugary solutions aggravated fasting glycaemia but had a moderate impact on caloric intake and oxidative stress/glycation markers in tissues of diabetic rats. Ad libitum availability of the same sugary solutions impaired energy balance regulation, leading to higher caloric intake than ad libitum fruit juices and controls, as well as weight gain, fasting hyperglycaemia, insulin intolerance and impaired oxidative stress/glycation markers in several tissues. We demonstrated the distinct role of sugars naturally present in fruit juices and added sugars in energy balance regulation, impairing oxidative stress, glycation and glucose metabolism in an animal model of type 2 diabetes.

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“…Therefore, it is likely that fructose malabsorption is a man made problem, as most natural foods contain a~1:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio [11]. It is noteworthy that epidemiological studies show that even moderate intake of high excess free fructose beverages (HFCS sweetened soda, fruit drinks, and apple juice) increases the risk [75,76] and prevalence of asthma [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86], and young adult idiopathic arthris [87] -CHD comorbidities [88,89]. There were no associations with orange juice [75-77, 79, 87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noteworthy that epidemiological studies show that even moderate intake of high excess free fructose beverages (HFCS sweetened soda, fruit drinks, and apple juice) increases the risk [ 75 , 76 ] and prevalence of asthma [ 77 – 86 ], and young adult idiopathic arthris [ 87 ] – CHD co-morbidities [ 88 , 89 ]. There were no associations with orange juice [ 75 – 77 , 79 , 87 ]. The black/white CHD death disparity that began during the 1980’s corresponds with the black/white childhood asthma disparity [ 90 – 92 ] that inexplicably grew twofold from the 1980’s to 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High fructose corn syrup, excess-free-fructose, and risk of coronary heart disease among African Americans– the Jackson Heart Study

2020

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Background Researchers have sought to explain the black-white coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality disparity that increased from near parity to ~ 30% between 1980 and 2010. Contributing factors include cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment disparities attributable to disparities in insurance coverage. Recent research suggests that dietary/environmental factors may be contributors to the disparity. Unabsorbed/luminal fructose alters gut bacterial load, composition and diversity. There is evidence that such microbiome disruptions promote hypertension and atherosclerosis. The heart-gut axis may, in part, explain the black-white CHD disparity, as fructose malabsorption prevalence is higher among African Americans. Between 1980 and 2010, consumption of excess-free-fructose–the fructose type that triggers malabsorption-exceeded dosages associated with fructose malabsorption (~ 5 g–10 g), as extrapolated from food availability data before subjective, retroactively-applied loss adjustments. This occurred due to an industrial preference shift from sucrose to high-fructose-corn-syrup (HFCS) that began ~ 1980. During this period, HFCS became the main sweetener in US soda. Importantly, there has been more fructose in HFCS than thought, as the fructose-to-glucose ratio in popular sodas (1.9-to-1 and 1.5-to-1) has exceeded generally-recognized-as-safe levels (1.2-to-1). Most natural foods contain a ~ 1-to-1 ratio. In one recent study, ≥5 times/wk. consumers of HFCS sweetened soda/fruit drinks/and apple juice-high excess-free-fructose beverages–were more likely to have CHD, than seldom/never consumers. Methods Jackson-Heart-Study data of African Americans was used to test the hypothesis that regular relative to low/infrequent intake of HFCS sweetened soda/fruit drinks increases CHD risk, but not orange juice-a low excess-free-fructose juice. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios using prospective data of 3407–3621 participants, aged 21–93 y (mean 55 y). Results African Americans who consumed HFCS sweetend soda 5-6x/wk. or any combination of HFCS sweetened soda and/or fruit drinks ≥3 times/day had ~ 2 (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.03–4.20, P = 0.041) and 2.5–3 times higher CHD risk (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.15–7.76; P = 0.025), respectively, than never/seldom consumers, independent of confounders. There were no associations with diet-soda or 100% orange-juice, which has a similar glycemic profile as HFCS sweetened soda, but contains a ~ 1:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio. Conclusion The ubiquitous presence of HFCS in the food supply may pre-dispose African Americans to increased CHD risk.

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Excess free fructose, apple juice, high fructose corn syrup and childhood asthma risk – the National Children’s Study

Cited by 28 publications

References 58 publications

Altered gut microbiome compositions are associated with the severity of asthma

Altered gut microbiome compositions are associated with the severity of asthma

Distinct Impact of Natural Sugars from Fruit Juices and Added Sugars on Caloric Intake, Body Weight, Glycaemia, Oxidative Stress and Glycation in Diabetic Rats

High fructose corn syrup, excess-free-fructose, and risk of coronary heart disease among African Americans– the Jackson Heart Study

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