EXCESS HEAT PRODUCTION IN Pd/D DURING PERIODIC PULSE DISCHARGE CURRENT IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS

Abstract

Experimental data from low energy nuclear reactions (LERN) in condensed media are presented. The nuclear reactions products were found in solid cathode media used in glow discharge. Apparently, the nuclear reactions were initiated when bombarding the cathode surface by plasma ions with the energy of 1.0-2.0 keV. Excess heat from a high current glow discharge reaction in D 2 , Xe and Kr using cathodes already charged with preliminary deuterium-charged Pd and Ti cathode samples are given. atoms/s was recorded. The isotopic ratios of these new nuclides was quite different from the natural ratios. Soft X-ray radiation from the solid-state cathode with the intensity up to 0.01Gy/s was recorded in experiments with discharges in H 2 , D 2 , Ar, Xe and Kr. The X-ray radiation was observed in bursts of up to 10 6 photons, with up to 10 5 bursts per second while the discharge was formed and within 100 ms after turning off the discharge current. The results of the X-ray radiation registration showed that the exited energy levels have a lifetime up to 100 ms or more, and the energy of 1.2 -2.5 keV. A possible mechanism for producing excess heat and nuclear transmutation reactions in the solid medium with the exited energy levels is considered. IntroductionWe have conducted experimental research on low energy nuclear reactions (LENR). By LENR we mean nuclear reactions initiated by a low energy action (from units up to a thousand of eV) in condensed media. Under such a low energy action the non-equilibrium energy states with a temperature up to 3keV and lifetimes up to tens of milliseconds can be formed in the condensed medium. Occurrence of such states was found during the experiments when registering X-rays with energy up to 3keV. Hypothetically, X-ray emission and other accompanying effects indicate a fundamentally new physical phenomenon unknown before: metastable long-living (up to tens of ms) states with the excitation energy of 1 -2 keV and more are formed in the crystal solid lattice within the solid when bombarding its surface by plasma ions of an electrical discharge . Therefore, L, M excited energy states with the occupation density n v-d (cm

Research into Excited Long Lived 0.6-6.0 keV Energy Levels in the Cathode Solid Medium of Glow Discharge by X-Ray Spectra Emission

“…In this case, the amplification constant of the radiation recording system changed by changing the supply voltage of the photomultiplier and changing the amplification constant of the oscillograph [8]. Under some experiments the luminous-absorbing filter attenuating the luminous flux coming to PM was installed between the scintillator and РМ.…”

Anomalous electron states

“…Underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are successfully described in terms of known effects in condensed matter physics. Nobody could expect that in this field there can be something which may turn the mind from the common track [1,2].…”

“…In experiments [1,2] on irradiation of metals by keV ions a lot of nuclear transmutations, required M eV energies, were revealed. Moreover collimated X-ray bursts in the keV range were registered during the ion irradiation and even 20 hours after switching it off.…”

“…In contrast to a conventional monochromatic laser radiation, the observed one was of continuous frequency. The experiments [1,2] were repeatedly performed for years and could be reproduced any time on demand.…”

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In experiments [1,2] on irradiation of metal surfaces by ions of keV energy, the emission of X-ray laser beams from the metal was observed not only during the irradiation but also 20 hours after it was switched off (from the "dead" sample). In contrast to an usual laser, the emitted collimated X-ray beams were of continuous frequency.

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