Excess heat release during deuterium sorption-desorption by finely powdered palladium deuteride

Kirkinskii, V. A.; Drebushchak, V. A.; Khmelnikov, A. I.

doi:10.1209/epl/i2002-00661-y

Cited by 2 publications

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References 17 publications

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“…The calculation results correspond within an order of magnitude to the experimental measurements of excess energy output (see, for example, [5] and reviews in [1,6]). …”

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…Besides, in LaD 3 there are closelyspaced adjacent octahedral and tetrahedral sites occupied by deuterium. Thus, if it is able to provide high mobility of deuterons in LaD 3 crystal lattice, the reaction rate will be only slight lower than the rate calculated earlier [1][2][3] and experimentally observed in palladium deuteride (see, for example, [5] and reviews in [1,6]). …”

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confidence: 74%

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Calculations of Nuclear Reactions Probability in a Crystal Lattice of Lanthanum Deuteride

Kirkinskii

Novikov

2006

Condensed Matter Nuclear Science

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The dynamic model of electron orbitals deformation (EODD) was previously devised for palladium deuteride. It has now been applied to calculate the probability of nuclear reactions of hydrogen isotopes in the crystal lattice of lanthanum deuteride. In a series of computer simulations, the probability of D-D approach for random initial conditions was calculated, when the initial energies of the approaching deuterons were set in the range of 0.001-9.0 eV. For each experimental value of D-D approach the reaction rate was calculated on the shifted Coulomb potential with the shift energy, which equals to the energy of screening. The mean distance of D-D approach on the whole series equals 0.19 Å. More than 54% of all experimental values show an approach of deuterons for a distance less than 0.1 Å. The average reaction rate for the given set of the initial conditions is 10 3.28 DD -1 s -1 . This is three orders of magnitude less than the analogous rate calculated earlier for palladium deuteride. Allowing for the higher D content and the higher number of adjacent tetrahedral sites in LaD 3 as compared with PdD 0,6 , an overall nuclear fusion rate in lanthanum deuteride will be only slight lower than in palladium deuteride, that is, 10 -12 -10 -14 DD -1 s -1 .To achieve a more sophisticated understanding of the mechanism and peculiar features of nuclear reactions in condensed matter, it is very important to expand a circle of substances that have been investigated. However, direct experimental research of new materials involves considerable difficulties, as the observable effects only slightly exceed the sensitivity of instrumentation, or the background level. In this connection, a random search of all substances to find which ones can catalyze cold nuclear fusion would be labor consuming and ineffective, especially taking into account the variations of their physical state and impurity content. Although most research on nuclear reactions in metal have been done with palladium, the high price and limited quantities of this material hinder the practical use of it. From the foregoing, the importance of theoretical calculation for search of materials is clear -a search to find which materials can be activated to produce nuclear fusion at low energies.We conducted a simulation of nuclear reactions of deuterium in palladium crystal lattice based on a dynamic model of electron orbital deformation in which hydrogen atom are located in octahedral sites of closely packed metal atoms [1][2][3][4]. The calculation results correspond within an order of magnitude to the experimental measurements of excess energy output (see, for example, [5] and reviews in [1,6]).Later, using the same model, the rate of a nuclear reaction was calculated in a titanium deuteride, where deuterium atoms are situated in tetrahedral sites of a crystal lattice, and the limiting content corresponds to TiD 2 crystal structure [4].

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“…The calculation results correspond within an order of magnitude to the experimental measurements of excess energy output (see, for example, [5] and reviews in [1,6]). …”

supporting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Calculations of Nuclear Reactions Probability in a Crystal Lattice of Lanthanum Deuteride

Kirkinskii

Novikov

2006

Condensed Matter Nuclear Science

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“…Introduction. -Numerous elaborated experiments carried out over the last decade convincingly support the statement that the nuclear fusion reactions occur at low energies (see [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and [8]). However, many physicists doubt the possibility of these reactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The computer development of the model was made with palladium deuteride as an example, for which experimental data on the yield of the excessive energy had been collected [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The most favourable conditions of two deuterons approaching the palladium crystal structure were determined by preliminary computer modelling [16] within the framework of the described model to reduce the calculation time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modelling of dynamic screening effects in solid state

Kirkinskii

Novikov

2004

Europhys. Lett.

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A dynamic model of electron orbitals deformation (EODD) has been developed making it possible to allow for dynamic effects of outer electron shells screening on deuterons interactions. Computer simulation based on the EODD model revealed that deuterons in the palladium crystalline structure can approach each other so that the distance between them can be less than 0.01 Å and gave estimated probability of such an approach. Assuming deuterium be completely mobile in palladium, the calculated rate of the fusion reaction at 300 K is 10 −10 -10 −12 s −1 per the D-D pair. This value corresponds to the energy release of 1-100 W per gram of palladium β-deuteride and is in good agreement with experimental data for excess heat measurements within an order of magnitude.

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Excess heat release during deuterium sorption-desorption by finely powdered palladium deuteride

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Calculations of Nuclear Reactions Probability in a Crystal Lattice of Lanthanum Deuteride

Calculations of Nuclear Reactions Probability in a Crystal Lattice of Lanthanum Deuteride

Modelling of dynamic screening effects in solid state

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