Excess pneumonia and influenza associated hospitalization during influenza epidemics in the United States, 1970-78.

Barker, William H.

doi:10.2105/ajph.76.7.761

Cited by 266 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Seasons were included in the analysis if clear seasonal peaks were present and if the same influenza types or subtypes were observed across all age groups, subsequently allowing for the analysis of age-dependent associations. Other studies have also conducted similar restricted analysis on A/H3N2 seasons alone [22] or stratified analyses based on influenza subtype [5,21,23].…”

Section: Seasonal Profiles and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related trends in the timeliness and prediction of medical visits, hospitalizations and deaths due to pneumonia and influenza, British Columbia, Canada, 1998–2004

Sebastian

Skowronski

Chong

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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SummaryThe influenza immunization program in North America has been primarily designed to provide direct benefit to vaccinated individuals at highest risk of serious influenza outcomes. Some evidence suggests that immunization of certain age groups may also extend indirect protective benefit to vulnerable populations. Our goal was to identify age groups associated earliest with seasonal influenza activity and who may have the greatest indirect impact at the population level. We examined age-based associations between influenza medical visits and population-wide hospitalization/ mortality due to pneumonia & influenza (P&I) using administrative datasets in British Columbia, Canada. A peak week was identified for each age group based on the highest rates observed in a given week for that study year. Mean rates at the peak week were averaged over the study years per age group. Timeliness (T) was defined as the mean difference in days between the first peak in influenza medical visits and population-wide P&I hospitalizations/deaths. Poisson regression was applied to calculate prediction (Pr) as the average proportion of deviance in P&I explained by influenza medical visits. T and Pr were derived by age group, and the product (T × Pr) was used as a summary measure to rank potential indirect effects of influenza by age group. Young children (0-23 months) and the elderly (≥65 years) had the highest peak rates of P&I hospitalization. Children <6 m and the elderly had the highest peak rates of P&I mortality. We found no significant differences by age for influenza medical visits in predicting population-wide P&I hospitalizations or deaths. School-aged children (5-19 years) showed the best relative combination of T × Pr, followed by preschool-aged children (2-4 years). We conclude that the very young and old suffer the greatest morbidity due to P&I, and an indirect role for school-aged children in anticipating the risk to others warrants further evaluation.

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Section: Seasonal Profiles and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…School-aged children showed the best relative combination of timeliness and prediction (T × Pr) for P&I hospitalizations, followed closely by preschool-aged children (2-4 years). Infants and toddlers (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) …”

Section: Indirect Effects: Age-related Trends In the Timeliness And Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related trends in the timeliness and prediction of medical visits, hospitalizations and deaths due to pneumonia and influenza, British Columbia, Canada, 1998–2004

Sebastian

Skowronski

Chong

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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“…A epidemia de vírus influenza está associada a aumento da morbidade e mortalidade, bem como elevação do núme-ro de casos de pneumonia e de hospitalizações 38 . Esses fatos são bem conhecidos nos idosos maiores de 60 anos de idade 39 , bem como nas populações de risco para maior gravidade da infecção por influenza, definidas pelos portadores de doenças cardiopulmonares 40 e pacientes com imunossupressão 41 .…”

Section: Vacina Antivírus Influenzaunclassified

Vacinas e o trato respiratório: o que devemos saber?

Farhat¹,

Cintra²,

Tregnaghi³

2002

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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ResumoObjetivo: o presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma revisão acerca das principais vacinas utilizadas na população pediá-trica, com impacto direto na prevenção dos processos infecciosos infantis do trato respiratório. Fontes dos dados:foram analisadas informações de artigos publicados em revistas científicas nacionais e internacionais, selecionados por busca direta ou por pesquisa nas bases de dados Lilacs e Medline.Síntese dos dados: o artigo foi estruturado em tópicos, apresentando questões relativas à imunização contra os patógenos freqüen-tes do trato respiratório em humanos, como Haemophilus influenza, vírus influenza, vírus respiratório sincicial e Streptococcus pneumoniae.Conclusões: a prevenção de doenças respiratórias, através de imunização, constitui-se numa das principais medidas para controle das infecções respiratórias. O acesso da população a estas novas vacinas, principalmente contra Haemophilus influenza, o que já ocorre há alguns anos com reconhecida eficácia, e agora contra o Streptococcus pneumoniae (vacina heptavalente) apontam para uma nova perspectiva, direcionada para o manejo da doença respiratória infantil. Em populações de risco, o controle da doença de etiologia viral através da imunização de forma ativa contra o vírus influenza, e de forma passiva para o vírus respiratório sincicial, também constituem medidas eficazes na redução da doença respiratória.J Pediatr (Rio J) 2002; 78 (Supl.2): S195-S204:vacinas, Haemophilus influenza, vírus influenza, vírus respiratório sincicial, Streptococcus pneumoniae. AbstractObjective: this article aims at presenting a review of the main vaccines used in the pediatric population with direct impact on the prevention of infectious processes of the respiratory tract in children.Sources: data from articles published in national and international scientific journals. The data were selected by means of direct search or search in the Lilacs and Medline databases. Summary of the findings: this article was structured in topics, presenting issues related to immunization against frequent pathogens of the respiratory tract in human beings: Haemophilus influenza, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Conclusions: the prevention of respiratory diseases through immunization is one of the main measures for the control of respiratory infection. These new vaccines, especially against Haemophilus influenza, have been available for some years with acknowledged efficacy. Now, the vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae (heptavalent vaccine) leads to a new perspective towards the management of respiratory diseases in children. In risk populations, the control of viral diseases through immunization, actively against the influenza virus and passively against the syncytial respiratory virus, is also an efficient measure to reduce respiratory disease.J Pediatr (Rio J) 2002; 78 (Supl.2) IntroduçãoÉ de todos conhecida a importância dos problemas infecciosos virais e bacterianos que acometem as vias aéreas superior e inferior. Sã...

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“…Elderly people and patients with underlying health conditions are at increased risk of complications of influenza, including hospitalization and death 1 . During epidemics, the hospitalization rate for the elderly and people with chronic health problems may increase two to fivefold compared with non‐epidemic periods 1 . Seasonal vaccination has been consistently shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality because of influenza epidemics, even in healthy, working adults 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yearly licensing studies from 1997 to 2007 of the inactivated whole virus seasonal influenza vaccine fluval – a useful approach to pandemic vaccine development even in less well developed countries?

Vajó¹,

Kosa²,

Szilvasy

et al. 2008

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Objective Seasonal vaccination has been consistently shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality because of influenza epidemics, even in healthy, working adults. Here we report the results of the yearly licensing studies of the past 11 influenza seasons (1997–2007) with a trivalent, inactivated whole virus vaccine with an aluminum phosphate adjuvant system. Methods Sixty healthy volunteers per age group (18–60 years and 60 years and older) were enrolled to receive vaccination each year, thus, a total of 1080 subjects were studied. Serum antibody titers were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Results: The vaccine met the criteria for licensing each year, meaning seroprotection (achievement of an HI titer of >1:40 in >70% of subjects); seroconversion, i.e. a >4‐fold increase in HI antibody titer, or reaching a titer of >1:40, in >40% of subjects; and an increase in geometric mean titers by >2·5‐fold. Side effects were rare and mild. The same method was used to produce a pre‐pandemic vaccine against influenza A (H5N1), which has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in humans. Conclusions We conclude that the method presented is safe, effective and may serve as a useful approach to seasonal and pandemic vaccine production even in less well‐developed countries by means of technological transfer.

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Excess pneumonia and influenza associated hospitalization during influenza epidemics in the United States, 1970-78.

Cited by 266 publications

References 14 publications

Age-related trends in the timeliness and prediction of medical visits, hospitalizations and deaths due to pneumonia and influenza, British Columbia, Canada, 1998–2004

Age-related trends in the timeliness and prediction of medical visits, hospitalizations and deaths due to pneumonia and influenza, British Columbia, Canada, 1998–2004

Vacinas e o trato respiratório: o que devemos saber?

Yearly licensing studies from 1997 to 2007 of the inactivated whole virus seasonal influenza vaccine fluval – a useful approach to pandemic vaccine development even in less well developed countries?

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