Excessive drinking in rats’ adaptation to the schedule of feeding

Reynierse, James H.; Spanier, Douglas

doi:10.3758/bf03331424

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The gradual development of SIP over the course of several sessions in Experiment 1 was in agreement with a report (Reynierse & Spanier, 1968) that demonstrated gradual development of SIP over days in rats receiving pellets on a free fixed-interval (FFI) schedule of reinforcement. The gradual acquisition of SIP suggests a learned component of the drinking behavior which warrants further research.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

The independence of barpressing and schedule-induced drinking

1970

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

supporting

confidence: 77%

The independence of barpressing and schedule-induced drinking

1970

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The slow acquisition is not simply a matter of accommodation to the schedule of feeding, since even after extended pretraining with that feeding schedule, an acquisition function for SIP ensues (Reynierse & Spanier, 1968;Williams, Tang, & Falk, 1992). The left panel of Fig.…”

Section: Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The research of Moran and Rudolph (1980) is a paragon of scores of studies, starting with Reynierse and Spanier (1968) and Toates (1971), showing that the development of adjunctive behaviors is quite sensitive to environments that foster or discourage instances of those responses. Phylogeny may offer candidate responses-priors in Staddon's (1983) evocative analogy-but if those are not associated with reinforcement, they extinguish.…”

Section: Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjunctive behaviors are operants

Killeen

Pellón

2013

Learn Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adjunctive behaviors such as scheduleinduced polydipsia are said to be induced by periodic delivery of incentives, but not reinforced by them. That standard treatment assumes that contingency is necessary for conditioning and that delay of reinforcement gradients are very steep. The arguments and evidence for this position are reviewed and rejected. In their place, data are presented that imply different gradients for different classes of responses. Proximity between response and reinforcer, rather than contingency or contiguity, is offered as a key principle of association. These conceptions organize a wide variety of observations and provide the rudiments for a more general theory of conditioning.Keywords Adjunctive . Conditioning . Contingency . Contiguity . Proximity . Schedule inducedResponse acquisition with delayed reinforcement is a robust phenomenon that may not depend on a mechanically defined response or an immediate external stimulus change to mediate the temporal gap between response and reinforcer. Critchfield and Lattal (1993, p. 373) Schedule-induced drinking as the prototypical adjunctive behavior: Arguments against reinforcement Ever since the laboratory discovery of adjunctive behavioralso known as schedule-induced or interim behavior-by John Falk (1961), analysts have treated these anomalies as belonging to a separate class of behavior, induced by incentives such as periodic food, but not reinforced by them. The discovery of adjunctive behavior was a bombshell in the behavioral community, since it seemed an exception to the orderly account of all behavior subsumed under the tripartite hegemony of operant, respondent, and unconditioned responses. What were the implications for the Skinnerian project of applied behavior analysis, if so substantial a proportion of the behavior that was induced by reinforcement was adamant to control by reinforcement? In the case of schedule-induced polydipsia, Falk (1971) voiced the contemporary amazement:It was an outright absurd [finding]. It was absurd because food deprivation in rats yields a decrease in water intake, not an increase. It was absurd because heating a large quantity of room-temperature water to body heat and expelling it as copious urine is wasteful for an animal already pressed for energy stores by food deprivation. It is absurd for an animal to drink itself into a dilutional hyponatremia bordering on water intoxication. But perhaps most absurd was not the lack of a metabolic or patho-regulatory reason for the polydipsia, but the lack of an acceptable behavioral account. (p. 577) Falk detailed the arguments against various "acceptable behavioral accounts," which he summarized in the following: "Polydipsia is not the result of food delivery directly or adventitiously reinforcing water intake. Nor does it serve a problem-solving mediational, or timing function. Furthermore, drinking is not an unconditioned

show abstract

“…Acquisition of adjunctive behavior is not simply a matter of accommodation to the feeding schedule, as schedule-induced drinking can be acquired even after extended pretraining with the feeding schedule (Reynierse & Spanier, 1968;S. L. Williams, Tang, & Falk, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response–food delay gradients for lever pressing and schedule-induced licking in rats

Pellón

Pérez-Padilla

2012

Learn Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eight food-deprived Wistar rats developed stable patterns of lever pressing and licking when exposed to a fixed-time 30-s schedule of food pellet presentation. The rats were trained to lever press by presenting the lever 10 s before the programmed food delivery, with the food pellet being delivered immediately upon a lever press. The operant contingency was then removed and the lever was inserted through the entire interfood interval, being withdrawn with food delivery and reinserted 2 s later. On successive phases of the study, a protective contingency postponed food delivery if responses (lever presses or licks) occurred within the last 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, or 25 s of the interfood interval. Lever pressing was reduced at much shorter response-food delays than those that reduced licking. These results demonstrate that reinforcement contributes to the maintenance of different response patterns on periodic schedules, and that different responses are differentially sensitive to delays.Keywords Lever pressing . Schedule-induced licking . Response-food delays . Control by consequences . Fixed-time food schedule . Rats Schedule-induced behavior is behavior that occurs in excess when reinforcers are programmed intermittently, when there is no explicit contingency arranged between the occurrence of the behavior and the delivery of the reinforcer (for reviews, see Reid & Staddon, 1990;Wetherington, 1982). The first published experimental demonstration of schedule-induced behavior was by Falk (1961), who found that food-deprived but not water-deprived rats consumed unusual and excessive amounts of water concurrently with their execution of operant lever pressing that was intermittently reinforced by food. Falk (1961) termed this behavior "schedule-induced polydipsia," because the drinking was excessive and there was no apparent contingency between the behavior and the delivery of food. Furthermore, Falk (1971) argued that schedule-induced polydipsia was the prototype of a category of behavior that he termed "adjunctive," differentiating it from operant behavior on the basis of being induced rather than controlled by the reinforcement schedule. Clark (1962) disagreed, suggesting that schedule-induced polydipsia results from adventitious reinforcement of licking by food delivery. Staddon (1977) extended and integrated the analysis of adjunctive and operant behavior by suggesting that scheduleinduced behavior could be divided into interim and terminal activities. Such a classification depended on the nature of the behavior and on its temporal location within interfood intervals, with adjunctive behavior being equivalent to interim activity and operant behavior being instances of terminal ac-

show abstract

Excessive drinking in rats’ adaptation to the schedule of feeding

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

The independence of barpressing and schedule-induced drinking

The independence of barpressing and schedule-induced drinking

Adjunctive behaviors are operants

Response–food delay gradients for lever pressing and schedule-induced licking in rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About