Excised larynx experimentation: history, current developments, and prospects for bioacoustic research

Garcia, Maxime; Herbst, Christian T.

doi:10.1537/ase.171216

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…To our best knowledge, all previous studies in excised human or animal larynges introduced a degree of vocal fold tension in order to improve the adduction of their membranous part (for review, see ref. 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Pressure Between the Vocal Folds in Reinke's Edema: Experimental Observations on an Excised Human Larynx

et al. 2021

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To analyze the range of values of the contact pressure between the membranous vocal folds with Reinke's edema and to compare it to those observed in the absence of such a lesion. Methods. Two human larynges were separately tested on the experimental bench, one of them with a bilateral loose swelling of the vocal folds. Once in a glottal prephonatory configuration, airflow was increased until achievement of self-sustained oscillations while recording aerodynamic, acoustic, electroglottographic data, and contact pressure between the folds. Results. We observed well-documented variations in acoustical parameters, as the decrease of the fundamental frequency and the increase of the phonation threshold pressure. The results of the study also point to a significant increase in the amplitude of the contact pressure in presence of the Reinke's edema, and a lower degree of harmonicity of the produced sounds. Conclusion. This is the first report of ex vivo study of a larynx with Reinke's edema. It highlights the increase in the contact pressure during phonation, which possibly contributes to sustain the lesion once it appeared.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Pressure Between the Vocal Folds in Reinke's Edema: Experimental Observations on an Excised Human Larynx

et al. 2021

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“…Only recently has EGG been used in vitro in several studies with excised larynges (Garcia and Herbst, 2018), specifically targeting questions of animal bioacoustics in a number of non-human primates (Herbst et al, 2012;Garcia et al, 2017), as well as prototypical application of the method in birds (Elemans et al, 2015;Rasmussen et al, in preparation). In vivo, the methodology has, to the knowledge of the authors, only been applied twice before.…”

Section: Electroglottography: Application In Non-human Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive documentation of primate voice production using electroglottography

Herbst

Dunn

2018

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Vocal communication in non-human primates has long been of interest to both academic researchers and the broader public. This interest exists for two principle reasons. Firstly, we have an intrinsic curiosity over how these animals, which are so closely related to us, communicate with one another. Secondly, and perhaps more importantly, understanding vocal communication in our primate relatives provides us with important insight into the evolution of human speech-a topic that has fascinated humans for centuries.Speech does not fossilize, and studying the evolution of this complex, yet critical aspect of human behavior using proxies from the fossil record (e.g. the shape of the skull or hyoid (Fitch, 2000a;Nishimura, 2003)) has led to little consensus (Fitch, 2000b;Hauser et al., 2002). A more powerful approach is provided by the comparative method, the primary tool used by Darwin to analyze evolutionary phenomena (Darwin, 1859(Darwin, , 1871. Comparative analyses use data from extant species to draw inferences about extinct ancestors and evolutionary processes. Several important advances in our understanding of the evolution of speech have been made using comparative data (Ghazanfar and Hauser, 1999;Fitch, 2000b;Fitch et al., 2016;Ghazanfar et al., 2012;Takahashi et al., 2013).Humans, non-human primates, most other mammals (Herbst et al., 2012), and even birds (Elemans et al., 2015) produce sound according to a universal physical principle, described by the myoelastic aerodynamic (MEAD) theory (van den Berg, 1958;Titze, 1980). Steady airflow, coming from the lungs, is converted into a sequence of airflow pulses by the passively vibrating vocal folds (or other laryngeal or syringeal tissue), resulting in self-sustained oscillation. The acoustic pressure waveform generated by this sequence of flow pulses excites the vocal tract, which filters the pulses acoustically, and the result is radiated from the mouth (and/ or the nose) (Story, 2002). The latter phenomenon, involving the individual contributions of the laryngeal sound source and the vocal tract to the quality of the emitted sound, has been described in the source-filter theory of sound production (Fant, 1960) Abstract Electroglottography (EGG) is a low-cost, non-invasive method for documenting laryngeal sound production during vocalization. The EGG signal represents relative vocal fold contact area and thus delivers physiological evidence of vocal fold vibration. While the method has received much attention in human voice research over the last five decades, it has seen very little application in other mammals. Here, we give a concise overview of mammalian vocal production principles. We explain how mammalian voice production physiology and the dynamics of vocal fold vibration can be documented qualitatively and quantitatively with EGG, and we summarize and discuss key issues from research with humans. Finally, we review the limited number of studies applying EGG to non-human mammals, both in vivo and in vitro. The potential of EGG for non-invasive assessm...

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“…1). We also list the main methods for investigating voice production more directly, such as with high-speed imaging in vivo or via excised larynx experimentation (Table S1, see [3,4] for recent reviews), but do not cover them in detail because these methods are not widely available outside clinical voice science. Direct in vivo observation of voice production is particularly challenging in non-human animals, and empirical evidence is very sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to analyze and manipulate nonlinear phenomena in voice recordings

Anikin,

Herbst

2024

Preprint

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We address two research applications in this methodological review: starting from an audio recording, the goal may be to characterize nonlinear phenomena (NLP) at the level of voice production or to test their perceptual effects on listeners. A crucial prerequisite for this work is the ability to detect NLP in acoustic signals, which can then be correlated with biologically relevant information about the caller and with listeners’ reaction. NLP are often annotated manually, but this is labor-intensive and not very reliable, although we describe potentially helpful advanced visualization aids such as reassigned spectrograms and phasegrams. Objective acoustic features can also be useful, including general descriptives (harmonics-to-noise ratio, cepstral peak prominence, vocal roughness), statistics derived from nonlinear dynamics (correlation dimension), and NLP-specific measures (depth of modulation and subharmonics). On the perception side, playback studies can greatly benefit from tools for directly manipulating NLP in recordings. Adding frequency jumps, amplitude modulation, and subharmonics is relatively straightforward. Creating biphonation, imitating chaos, or removing NLP from a recording is more challenging, but feasible with parametric voice synthesis. We describe the most promising algorithms for analyzing and manipulating NLP and provide detailed examples with audio files and R code in supplementary materials (https://osf.io/gs8u3/).

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Excised larynx experimentation: history, current developments, and prospects for bioacoustic research

Cited by 10 publications

References 104 publications

Contact Pressure Between the Vocal Folds in Reinke's Edema: Experimental Observations on an Excised Human Larynx

Contact Pressure Between the Vocal Folds in Reinke's Edema: Experimental Observations on an Excised Human Larynx

Non-invasive documentation of primate voice production using electroglottography

How to analyze and manipulate nonlinear phenomena in voice recordings

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