Excitation of resonances of microspheres on an optical fiber

Serpengüzel, Ali; Arnold, Stephen; Griffel, G.

doi:10.1364/ol.20.000654

Cited by 249 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previously, this problem was addressed through evanescent coupling using prisms (13), in-plane waveguide (14), or tapered fibers (15). The technique of using tapered waveguide (16) for coupling high Q WGMs out of cavities is quite successful for the study of fundamental cavity physics; however, it requires careful alignment and the devices are relatively sensitive to mechanical vibrations or other variations in the surrounding environment, which limit its usage for practical applications such as achieving microcavity lasers with directional emission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Whispering-gallery mode resonators for highly unidirectional laser action

Wang

Yan

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

125

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Optical microcavities can be designed to take advantage of total internal reflection, which results in resonators supporting whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) with a high-quality factor (Q factor). One of the crucial problems of these devices for practical applications such as designing microcavity lasers, however, is that their emission is nondirectional due to their radial symmetry, in addition to their inefficient power output coupling. Here we report the design of elliptical resonators with a wavelength-size notch at the boundary, which support in-plane highly unidirectional laser emission from WGMs. The notch acts as a small scatterer such that the Q factor of the WGMs is still very high. Using midinfrared (λ ∼ 10 μm) injection quantum cascade lasers as a model system, an in-plane beam divergence as small as 6 deg with a peak optical power of ∼5 mW at room temperature has been demonstrated. The beam divergence is insensitive to the pumping current and to the notch geometry, demonstrating the robustness of this resonator design. The latter is scalable to the visible and the near infrared, thus opening the door to very low-threshold, highly unidirectional microcavity diode lasers.F ollowing the first description of the whispering-gallery mode (WGM) phenomenon in the acoustic regime by Lord Rayleigh in London's St Paul's Cathedral (1) and its subsequent analysis in terms of guided surface waves by Raman and Sutherland (2), its study was later extended to the radiofrequency (3) and optical domains (4) through the investigation of the ionosphere and solid spheres, respectively. WGMs were later investigated in liquid droplets (5) and microdisk diode lasers (6), opening a previously undescribed direction in photonics technology. WGM resonators offer great promise for investigation in the physical sciences (6-8), and applications of these devices have spanned a wide range from unique laser sources (9) and dynamic filters in communications (10) to sensors (11). One drawback, however, is that, in rotationally symmetric cavities (6, 12), WGMs can only be coupled out inefficiently and isotropically through scattering of evanescent waves by surface roughness or diffraction losses when the radius of curvature is comparable to the wavelength (9).Previously, this problem was addressed through evanescent coupling using prisms (13), in-plane waveguide (14), or tapered fibers (15). The technique of using tapered waveguide (16) for coupling high Q WGMs out of cavities is quite successful for the study of fundamental cavity physics; however, it requires careful alignment and the devices are relatively sensitive to mechanical vibrations or other variations in the surrounding environment, which limit its usage for practical applications such as achieving microcavity lasers with directional emission. Another approach is to break the rotational symmetry by using deformed optical microcavities to increase the directionality of emission and power collection efficiency (17, 18), which has the advantage of easy and robust fabrication. Th...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Whispering-gallery mode resonators for highly unidirectional laser action

Wang

Yan

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

125

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“…[22] A swept-wavelength tunable external-cavity New Focus diode Laser (Model: 6528-LN, Newport Corp., Irvine, CA, USA) and a dBm Optics swept spectrometer (Model: 4650, Lafayette, CO, USA) were used to measure the transmission spectra from the fiber taper with a resolution of 0.1 pm. The fiber taper was fabricated by heating and stretching a section of bare optical fiber (SMF-28, Corning, NY, USA) until reaching a minimum waist diameter of approximately $1 mm.…”

Section: Characterization Of Microheater and Microresonatormentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Tuning of the Resonant Wavelength in a High-Q Microresonator Integrated with a Microheater

Tang

Lin

Song

et al. 2015

International Journal of Optomechatronics

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We report on fabrication of a microtoroid resonator of a high-quality (high-Q) factor integrated with an on-chip microheater. Both the microresonator and microheater are fabricated using femtosecond laser three-dimensional (3-D) micromachining. The microheater, which is located about 200 lm away from the microresonator, has a footprint size of 200 lm Â 400 lm. Tuning of the resonant wavelength in the microresonator has been achieved by varying the voltage applied on the microheater. The response time of the integrated chip is less than 10 seconds.

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“…[8][9][10][11] Some research groups have successfully excited the WGM in microspheres through the coupling of evanescent light. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In particular, the attenuatedtotal-reflection (ATR) geometry has an advantage of an easy sample setting. Using the ATR configuration, we have already reported on the observation of resonance signals related to WGMs in microspheres with TiO2 thin film, and evaluated the optical properties of the film on the microsphere by using the WGM resonance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Characterization of the Antigen-Antibody Thin Layer Using the Whispering Gallery Mode

et al. 2014

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We immobilized an antibody (anti-β-Galactosidase) on a polystyrene microsphere by using a covalent bond, and observed the resonance peaks in the scattered light intensity spectra related to the whispering gallery mode (WGM) excitation of the microsphere. The amount and the optical parameters, i.e., thickness and refractive index, of anti-β-Galactosidase on the sphere surface were evaluated based on an absorbance measurement and a resonance peak shift measurement, respectively. Moreover, we measured the variation of the WGM spectra depending on the concentration of the enzyme solution (β-Galactosidase), which allowed us to optically evaluate the thickness and the refractive index of the antigen-antibody layer from the shift of the WGM spectra peak.

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Excitation of resonances of microspheres on an optical fiber

Cited by 249 publications

References 14 publications

Whispering-gallery mode resonators for highly unidirectional laser action

Whispering-gallery mode resonators for highly unidirectional laser action

On-Chip Tuning of the Resonant Wavelength in a High-Q Microresonator Integrated with a Microheater

Optical Characterization of the Antigen-Antibody Thin Layer Using the Whispering Gallery Mode

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