Excitatory and Inhibitory Influences on the Remembering Brain

Dywan, Jane

doi:10.1006/brcg.1999.1168

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…When this occurs in the context of a memory task, this differential level of salience can easily be attributed to differential levels of familiarity consistent with task goals, and hence the greater likelihood of false recognition. Taking all this together with the present results, we propose that the data presented here are consistent with an attributional account of response bias in the context of a memory task (e.g., Dywan, 2000;Jacoby et al, 1989;Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993;Whittlesea, 1993;Whittlesea & Williams, 2000). According to this view, when an item, for whatever reason, captures a differential level of attention during a recognition test, the associated experience may be attributed to previous occurrence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

ERP indices of emotionality and semantic cohesiveness during recognition judgments

2003

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to examine the impact of emotionality on false recognition. In Experiment 1, participants discriminated previously studied words from neutral and negatively valenced emotional foils. Emotional words elicited a more positive ERP than did neutral words and emotional foils were falsely recognized more often than neutral foils. In Experiment 2, the hypothesis that emotionality-based false recognition is due to the semantic cohesiveness of emotional words was tested by including a highly associated but emotionally neutral category (animals). It was emotional and not animal foils that elicited greater positivity in the ERP and increased false positive response. These data provide little support for semantic cohesiveness as the basis for false recognition effects, but are consistent with the view that the salience of emotional words can be falsely attributed to familiarity in the context of a recognition task.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

ERP indices of emotionality and semantic cohesiveness during recognition judgments

2003

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“…During recognition, such targeting reflects the classification of items as familiar. The hypothesis that the late positivity in memory tasks is related to stimulus "targetness" was recently suggested by Dywan (2000). Although the targeting process is independent of whether the remembering is conscious or not, it can account for the differences recently obtained between more versus less conscious processes as well (e. g., Donaldson & Rugg, 1998).…”

Section: The Targetness Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Mental (Cognitive) Operations?

Kotchoubey

2002

Journal of Psychophysiology

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Most cognitive psychophysiological studies assume (1) that there is a chain of (partially overlapping) cognitive processes (processing stages, mechanisms, operators) leading from stimulus to response, and (2) that components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) may be regarded as manifestations of these processing stages. What is usually discussed is which particular processing mechanisms are related to some particular component, but not whether such a relationship exists at all. Alternatively, from the point of view of noncognitive (e. g., “naturalistic”) theories of perception ERP components might be conceived of as correlates of extraction of the information from the experimental environment. In a series of experiments, the author attempted to separate these two accounts, i. e., internal variables like mental operations or cognitive parameters versus external variables like information content of stimulation. Whenever this separation could be performed, the latter factor proved to significantly affect ERP amplitudes, whereas the former did not. These data indicate that ERPs cannot be unequivocally linked to processing mechanisms postulated by cognitive models of perception. Therefore, they cannot be regarded as support for these models.

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“…The P3b component was measured at Pz and scored as the average amplitude between 400 and 800 msec following the probe. The P3b is considered here to reflect the continued allocation of attention toward a goal-relevant stimulus, with larger P3b responses indicating greater attentional allocation (Nieuwenhuis, AstonJones, & Cohen, 2005;Dywan, 2000). An analysis of target discrimination using a 2 (group) Â 2 (condition) mixed-model ANOVA revealed a main effect of condition [F(1, 32) = 26.02, p < .01], such that P3b responses to positive probes were larger than those to neutral probes, but with no effect of group ( p = .13) or interaction ( p = .57).…”

Section: Behavioral Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Age Differences in Target Detection and Interference Resolution in Working Memory: An Event-related Potential Study

Tays

Dywan²,

Mathewson³

et al. 2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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There is growing consensus that a decline in attentional control is a core aspect of cognitive aging. We used event-related potentials to examine the time course of attentional control in older and younger adults as they attempted to resolve familiarity-based and response-based interference during a working memory task. Accuracy was high for both groups but their neural response to targets and to distracters was markedly different. Young adults' early target selection was evident by 300 msec in a differentiated P3a and they responded to interference by generating a medial frontal negativity (MFN) to distracters by 450 msec that was largest when the need for interference resolution was greatest. Dipole source analyses revealed a temporal coactivation of the inferior frontal and anterior cingulate cortex in younger adults, suggesting that these regions may interact during interference resolution. Older adults did not show the early target-selective P3a effect and failed to subsequently produce the MFN in response to distracting stimuli. In fact, older adults showed a large frontal positivity in place of the MFN but, rather than serve a compensatory role, this frontal activation was associated with poorer behavioral performance. These data suggest that aging interferes with a dynamic interplay of early target selection followed by later suppression of distracter-related neural activity--a process central to the efficient control of attention.

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Excitatory and Inhibitory Influences on the Remembering Brain

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

ERP indices of emotionality and semantic cohesiveness during recognition judgments

ERP indices of emotionality and semantic cohesiveness during recognition judgments

Do Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Mental (Cognitive) Operations?

Age Differences in Target Detection and Interference Resolution in Working Memory: An Event-related Potential Study

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