Excited state dynamics in Ni2+ doped CsCdCl3: excitation avalanche

Oetliker, Ueli; Riley, Mark J.; May, P. Stanley; Güdel, Hans U.

doi:10.1016/0010-8545(91)84017-y

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is due to the stronger electron−phonon coupling than in rare-earth systems. Notable exceptions to Kasha's rule among the 3d ions are Ni 2+ and Ti 2+ in octahedral halide lattices. , Among these upconversion has been characterized and reported for Ni 2+ and Ti 2+ , and a photon avalanche upconversion process has been demonstrated for CsCdCl 3 :Ni 2+ . Recently we have extended our upconversion studies to 4d and 5d transition-metal ions and first results on Mo 3+ , Re 4+ , and Os 4+ have already been published. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Photon Avalanche in Cs₂ZrBr₆:Os⁴⁺

Wermuth

Güdel

1999

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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The 15 K visible (VIS) upconversion-luminescence of Cs2ZrBr6:0.2% Os4+ upon excitation in the near-infrared (NIR) is presented and analyzed. Crystals of Cs2ZrBr6:0.2% Os4+ were synthesized and grown by the Bridgman technique. At 15 K VIS luminescence around 16000 cm-1 is induced by NIR excitation around 11400 and 13400 cm-1. Due to the low maximum vibrational energy of 220 cm-1, four excited states participate in the upconversion processes. A photon avalanche and a ground-state absorption/excited-state absorption sequence are identified as upconversion mechanisms by high-resolution upconversion-excitation spectra and by power-dependent and time-resolved measurements. The lifetimes of the excited states Γ4 (3 T1g), Γ5 (3 T1g), Γ5 (1 T2g), and Γ1 (1 A1g) at 15 K are 45 ms, 1.6 ms, 261 μs, and 8 μs, respectively. The dynamics of the upconversion are simulated with a rate-equation model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Photon Avalanche in Cs₂ZrBr₆:Os⁴⁺

Wermuth

Güdel

1999

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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“…We have observed UC phenomena in Ti 2+ (3d 2 ), Ni 2+ (3d 8 ), Mo 3+ (4d 3 ), Re 4+ (5d 3 ), and Os 4+ (5d 4 ) doped halides. [16][17][18][19][20] Very recently, we have started to combine TM and lanthanide ions in the same crystal, with very new and surprising results. Yb 3+ doped RbMnCl 3 , CsMnCl 3 , and CsMnBr 3 crystals emitted visible light upon NIR excitation of Yb 3+ around 1 µm at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange-Induced Upconversion in Rb₂MnCl₄:Yb³⁺

2002

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Crystals of Yb 3+ doped Rb 2 MnCl 4 exhibit very intense yellow-orange Mn 2+ 4 T 1g f 6 A 1g upconversion luminescence under near-infrared 2 F 7/2 f 2 F 5/2 Yb 3+ excitation around 1 µm at 15 K. Excitation with 10 ns pulses indicates that the upconversion process consists of a sequence of ground-state and excited-state absorption steps. The upconversion mechanism is cooperative, involving both Yb 3+ and Mn 2+ ions in the crystal, and we postulate an exchange mechanism between adjacent Yb 3+ and Mn 2+ ions to account for the unusually high efficiency of the process. The efficiency of the upconversion process is dependent on the nature of the Yb 3+ -Mn 2+ connectivity. The upconversion in Rb 2 MnCl 4 :Yb 3+ , with a linear Yb 3+ -Cl --Mn 2+ arrangement, is 3 orders of magnitude more efficient than in the Yb 3+ -(Br -) 3 -Mn 2+ arrangement of face-sharing octahedra in CsMnBr 3 :Yb 3+ .

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“…5 This is due to stronger electron-phonon coupling than in rare-earth ions. So far, we have observed upconversion in Ni 2ϩ , [6][7][8] Ti 2ϩ , 9 Mo 3ϩ , 10,11 Re 4ϩ , 10,12 and Os 4ϩ , 13,14 doped halide crystals. Among these, the photon avalanche was observed in CsCdCl 3 : Ni 2ϩ7 and Cs 2 ZrBr 6 : Os 4ϩ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Photon avalanche in Cs2ZrCl6: Os4+

Wermuth

Güdel

2001

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The visible (VIS) upconversion luminescence of Cs2ZrCl6: x% Os4+ (x=0.1,1) upon excitation in the near infrared (NIR) is presented and analyzed. The crystals of Cs2ZrCl6: x% Os4+ (x=0.1,1) were synthesized by the Bridgman technique. VIS luminescence around 17 000 cm−1 is induced by NIR excitation between 10 500 and 14 500 cm−1. The three excited states Γ4 (3T1g), Γ5 (1T2g), and Γ1 (1A1g) with 15 K lifetimes of 20 ms, 8 μs, and 4 μs, respectively, in Cs2ZrCl6: 1% Os4+ participate in the upconversion. Excitation at the Γ4 (3T1g)→Γ1 (1A1g) energy shows the typical fingerprints of a photon avalanche. The dynamics of this excitation are calculated with a rate-equation model, and the observed concentration and temperature dependence of the processes are analyzed. The upconversion behavior of Cs2ZrCl6: x% Os4+ (x=0.1,1) is compared with the bromide analog Cs2ZrBr6: 0.2% Os4+.

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Excited state dynamics in Ni2+ doped CsCdCl3: excitation avalanche

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Photon Avalanche in Cs₂ZrBr₆:Os⁴⁺

Photon Avalanche in Cs₂ZrBr₆:Os⁴⁺

Exchange-Induced Upconversion in Rb₂MnCl₄:Yb³⁺

Photon avalanche in Cs2ZrCl6: Os4+

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Excited state dynamics in Ni2+ doped CsCdCl3: excitation avalanche

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Photon Avalanche in Cs2ZrBr6:Os4+

Photon Avalanche in Cs2ZrBr6:Os4+

Exchange-Induced Upconversion in Rb2MnCl4:Yb3+

Photon avalanche in Cs2ZrCl6: Os4+

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Photon Avalanche in Cs₂ZrBr₆:Os⁴⁺

Photon Avalanche in Cs₂ZrBr₆:Os⁴⁺

Exchange-Induced Upconversion in Rb₂MnCl₄:Yb³⁺