The
electronic and vibrational structures of trinickel metal string
complexes [Ni3(dpa)4X2]1–,0,1+ (X = Cl, NCS) were investigated using both theoretical calculations
and spectroscopic methods. We used the density functional theory (DFT)
method B3LYP*-D3, including less exact exchange energy and the van
der Waals interaction of metal ions, to obtain the geometries and
vibrational structures, which were found to be in excellent agreement
with the experimental data. The ground state of Ni3(dpa)4X2 is an antiferromagnetic (AF) singlet state,
and the next state is a quintet state, which was detected using temperature-dependent
Raman spectroscopy under a magnetic field. The vibrational structure
of the quintet state is nearly identical to that of the AF state,
according to the measured Raman spectra, except that the stretching
of Ni–Cl is blue-shifted from 282.5 cm–1 in
the AF state to 283.8 cm–1 in the quintet state.
Two oxidized Ni3 complexes were found to have [Ni3]7+ cores, the doublet [Ni3(dpa)4]3+ without axial ligands and the quartet [Ni3(dpa)4X2]+. Complex [Ni3(dpa)4X2]−, which was produced
from a reduction reaction by gold nanoparticles at room temperature,
consists of a quartet state as the ground state and a doublet state
lying nearby.