Excitons and Bose–Einstein condensation in living systems

Abstract

The problems connected with the transformations of energy in the living systems are reviewed. Possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation by input of radiant energy over a critical level is considered as a route for overcoming the barriers of activation energy under the conditions of a pump and a therrnalizing environment. Molecular force fields constitute the pump. Under our scheme excitons constitute the major fraction of bosons to so condense. Instantaneous dipoles of London theory are then examined as excitons. Lastly an energy packet from a quantized dipolar field is suggested rather than the concept of "conformons." Questions of charge and of other modes of energy transfer are briefly discussed.The subject of energy and charge in living systems is beset by concepts, theories, and work that often form a confusing medley. This situation is, of course, a result of the nature of data in this field, that have certainly been insufficient or irrelevant and often contradictory.Do we or our molecules work by heat, or by diverse modalities of electromagnetic irradiation that we receive, or by our position in geomagnetic field or gravitational field or by the molecular force fields? How does the nearly forbidden come to pass, that is, the making and breaking of a covalent bond? This happens regularly and with remarkable precision and specificity in a system that is essentially open. Activity involving large work are triggered off with essentially minute signals. Changes are brought about through change of a fraction of bond length, or a dihedral angle, embedded in an intraorganismic sea. Once the above is done the molecules straighten or fold or bend and twist to give sheets, tubes, balls, helices, and ropes of helices, and further balls, the building bricks of an organism with fluctuation and beat and throb of molecular conformation and association. Much of it happens in such time that makes us suspect if we are dealing with rates of entropy consumption fastest in the Universe, at the molecular level.Whatever the external field or forms of energy, in the last analysis, it is the relevant chemical reaction that one must understand. Homoiothermy or poikilothermy [l-31, Qlo [4], or other derived indices [ 5 ] , point to the chemical basis of heat production and even of physical mechanisms of heat production and