Exclusion chromatography of polypropylenamine dendrimers

Mengerink, Ynze; Mure, Minae; Brabander, E. M. M. De; Wal, Sj. van der

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00868-3

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The terminal primary amines have a p K in the range from 9 to 10, whereas the interior tertiary amines exhibit a p K between 4 and 5. At the acidic pH of 2.25, which is well below the two p K regimes, protonation of both primary and tertiary amines is favored …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC Separation of Different Generations of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Modified with Various Terminal Groups

et al. 2005

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Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations with various terminal groups were analyzed, for the first time, using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) techniques. Separation of amine-terminated dendrimers from generation 1 through generation 9 (G1NH(2)-G9NH(2)) was achieved using reversed-phase HPLC with elution time increasing gradually as the density of terminal amine groups increases as a function of generation. Furthermore, separation of dendrimers with terminal amino, acetamide, hydroxyl, and carboxylate groups was obtained. It has also been shown that HPLC can be used to separate dendrimers based on some structural defects inherent during the syntheses of PAMAM dendrimers. MALDI-TOF mass spectra of G1NH(2) identify the major imperfections present during typical synthesis processes. The absolute molar masses (M(n)) and molar mass distributions of the dendrimers were measured using the SEC system equipped with multiangle laser light scattering and refractive-index detectors. Findings from this study suggest HPLC can be a vital tool for characterization and preparative separation of PAMAM dendrimers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC Separation of Different Generations of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Modified with Various Terminal Groups

et al. 2005

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“…The dilute solution properties of the dendrimers are thoroughly investigated. These studies were performed using neutron scattering, , viscosity, gel permeation chromatography, mass spectrometry, computer simulations, , and methods that are more application based …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Diffusion of Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers in Methanol

Rietveld

Bedeaux

2000

Macromolecules

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The self-diffusion coefficients have been determined for five generations of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers in methanol at three different temperatures5, 25, and 45 °Cover the whole concentration range. Pulsed field gradient spin echo NMR has been used. The Stokes−Einstein hard sphere radii have been calculated in the zero concentration limit. They were equal, within error, to the radii found from the viscosity. The high-generation dendrimers have three concentration regimes: a dilute, a semidilute, and a concentrated regime. For the lower generations, only a dilute and a semidilute regime can be found. In the dilute regime, the self-diffusion coefficient decreases as a function of the concentration. In the semidilute regime, this decrease continues. In part of the semidilute and in the concentrated regime diffusion was very slow, and we were not able to measure the long time self-diffusion coefficient. As the transition from semidilute to concentrated solutions corresponds to a decrease of the radius of the dendrimer, dendrimers in concentrated solutions can be considered as collapsed though still separate molecules. The behavior in the semidilute and the concentrated regimes is very different from polymer diffusion.

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“…Although numerous promising in vivo applications for dendrimers have been proposed, the vast majority of dendrimeric drug candidates has not advanced beyond the experimental stage. A wide variety of analytical techniques (e.g., NMR, MS, size-exclusion chromatography, atomic force microscopy, gel electrophoresis) has been applied to the characterization of dendrimers [19][20][21][22]. These techniques have proven to be extremely useful to characterize dendrimers in terms of identity and degree of dispersity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive profiling of the complex dendrimeric contrast agent Gadomer using a combined approach of CE, MS, and CE‐MS

et al. 2007

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The complex dendrimeric contrast agent Gadomer has been comprehensively characterized using various mass spectrometric techniques in combination with capillary electrophoresis. The analytical challenges arising from the structure of this analyte, e.g., the presence of a complex isotopic pattern originating from multiple gadolinium chelates could be overcome using this combined approach. Results obtained from initial MALDI-TOF-MS measurements could subsequently be complemented and confirmed by CE-ESI-TOF-MS measurements. Furthermore, high resolution Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-MS (FT-ICR-MS) as a stand alone technique and in combination with CE was performed to obtain mass spectra of high mass accuracy and resolution of various impurities and related dendrimers present in low concentrations in several Gadomer batches. The profile of related dendrimers and impurities of lower molecular weight present in Gadomer could be elucidated and variances in the pattern of related dendrimers present in batches obtained via different synthetic routes could be detected. The qualitative analysis of Gadomer using MS techniques in combination with CE provides the fundamental basis for a framework of analytical methodologies for the characterization of Gadomer. By designing such a framework of methodologies the challenges associated with the introduction of dendrimers into the clinical stage may be overcome and the reproducible quality and safety of these innovative products can be ensured.

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Exclusion chromatography of polypropylenamine dendrimers

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

HPLC Separation of Different Generations of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Modified with Various Terminal Groups

HPLC Separation of Different Generations of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Modified with Various Terminal Groups

Self-Diffusion of Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers in Methanol

Comprehensive profiling of the complex dendrimeric contrast agent Gadomer using a combined approach of CE, MS, and CE‐MS

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