Exclusionary vs. Inclusionary Populism: Comparing Contemporary Europe and Latin America

Mudde, Cas; Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira

doi:10.1017/gov.2012.11

Cited by 898 publications

(696 citation statements)

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“…Triadafilopoulos (2011, p. 863) goes one step further and calls their brand of liberalism 'Schmittian liberalism', in that they aim 'to clarify the core values of liberal societies and use coercive state power to protect them from illiberal and putatively dangerous groups'. Yet these actors' selective use of liberalism to serve illiberal ends should not force us to call them liberals-the term 'liberal illiberalism' is more useful in this regard in that illiberalism remains the subject of the paradoxical phrase, demonstrating that exclusion is ultimately the primary logic at play in these PRR parties' ideology and discourse (Mudde & Rovira Kaltwasser, 2013).…”

Section: Illiberal Liberalism In Northern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Liberal Illiberalism? The Reshaping of the Contemporary Populist Radical Right in Northern Europe

Moffitt

2017

PaG

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Populism, particularly in its radical right-wing variants, is often posited as antithetical to the principles of liberalism. Yet a number of contemporary cases of populist radical right parties from Northern Europe complicate this characterisation of populism: rather than being directly opposed to liberalism, these parties selectively reconfigure traditionally liberal defences of discriminated-against groups-such as homosexuals or women-in their own image, positing these groups as part of 'the people' who must be protected, and presenting themselves as defenders of liberty, free speech and 'Enlightenment values'. This article examines this situation, and argues that that while populist radical right parties in Northern Europe may only invoke such liberal values to opportunistically attack their enemies-in many of these cases, Muslims and 'the elite' who allegedly are abetting the 'Islamisation' of Europe'-this discursive shift represents a move towards a 'liberal illiberalism'. Drawing on party manifestoes and press materials, it outlines the ways in which these actors articulate liberal illiberalism, the reasons they do so, and the ramifications of this shift.

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Section: Illiberal Liberalism In Northern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Liberal Illiberalism? The Reshaping of the Contemporary Populist Radical Right in Northern Europe

Moffitt

2017

PaG

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“…Considering the most recent contributions in the study of populism, this approach has gained the most notable attention (see, for example, Mudde, Kaltwasser 2013;Bale, van Kessel, Taggart 2011;Rooduijn, de Lange, van der Brug, 2012;Stanley 2008). Also this article relies on the definition elaborated by Cas Mudde (2004; who considers populism as "a thin-centered ideology that considers society to be ultimately separated into two homogeneous and antagonistic groups, 'the pure people' versus 'the corrupt elite', and which argues that politics should be an expression of the volonté générale (general will) of the people" (italics in original).…”

Section: The Usage Of Populism In the Academic Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of scholars (for example, Mudde and Kaltwasser 2013;Bale, van Kessel, Taggart 2011) have pointed out that in the daily usage populism is employed in a highly negative and prejudicial manner. The Latvian case study further proves the validity of this claim.…”

Section: Data Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, sporadic observations have led to highlight the existence of two distinct understandings of the term, employed by academics and the media or the public discourse. In the political science, there seems to be a consensus seeking to conceptualize populism as a thin centered ideology that contrasts the 'bad elite' against the 'good people' (Mudde 2004(Mudde , 2013Canovan 2002). If the academic field has been able (to a definite extent) to come to an agreement about the constitutive features of populism, then the public discourse seems to be less monolithic in this regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptions of Populism: Analysis of Media Discourse in Latvia

Balcere¹

2013

BJPS

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“…7 Further, it is particularly in the European literature where progress towards definitional consensus has been realised with regard to the concept of populism. 8 This paper shows that, despite consensus on key constituent components of populism, the application of the concept can still be problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The populist cat-dog: applying the concept of populism to contemporary European party systems

Kessel

2014

Journal of Political Ideologies

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Populism is a frequently used yet problematic concept; the term is often ill-defined and randomly applied. While these problems have been widely acknowledged, this paper argues that there are still issues with the way populism tends to be used, even if a sound definition is provided. This relates to the fact that it is often not clear whether populism is used to refer to an ideological feature of an exclusive category of political parties or whether populism is seen as a type of discourse which can be expressed by any political actor. In order to illustrate the difficulties with regard to the application of the term populism, several 'hard' cases of populism across Europe are discussed. The paper argues that in order to stimulate a more accurate use of the term, observers should be explicit not only about the meaning of populism, but also about the form in which it manifest itself.Key Words: Populism, Party Families, Concept Formation, Europe. 2 The populist cat-dog. Applying the concept of populism to contemporary European party systems. IntroductionPopulism is a concept which has frequently emerged in recent scholarly contributions and which has also attracted much attention outside of academia. Although the term has been used extensively, the concept is problematic due to the unsystematic (pejorative) use and the fact that populism is often ill defined.1 The term is regularly used to denote anti-incumbent rhetoric or to describe politicians who pander to public opinion, but definitional precision tends to be lacking. Yet, as this paper will show, also when a clear definition is provided, there are problems related to the way the concept is applied in order to describe political phenomena. Since the term has been used so widely, it is necessary to stimulate a more accurate use of the concept. This paper takes the view that this is even more important since (the surge of) populism can be seen as an indicator for the legitimacy of a political regime and the state of representative democracy in general. 2 The surge of populism is a sign that a democratically elected regime is seen to be unresponsive to the demands of a certain segment of the population.Even though the term populism is used randomly, and even though the concept can certainly be considered to be an 'essentially contested' concept, 3 Giovanni Sartori calls, a cat-dog. 5 The term is used to describe political actors that in fact cannot be placed in a single category.Starting out from a minimal definition of populism, this paper first aims to point out the difficulties of using populism in a meaningful way in order to discriminate between political actors. Specifically, using the words of Allan Sikk, the paper shows that it is hard to distinguish between populism as a 'classifier', which refers to a circumscribed universe of populist actors, and populism as a 'descriptor', which denotes (more fleeting) expressions of populist discourse in political systems. 6 Secondly, the paper seeks to investigate whether the cat-dog problem can be tack...

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Exclusionary vs. Inclusionary Populism: Comparing Contemporary Europe and Latin America

Cited by 898 publications

References 56 publications

Liberal Illiberalism? The Reshaping of the Contemporary Populist Radical Right in Northern Europe

Liberal Illiberalism? The Reshaping of the Contemporary Populist Radical Right in Northern Europe

Perceptions of Populism: Analysis of Media Discourse in Latvia

The populist cat-dog: applying the concept of populism to contemporary European party systems

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