Exclusively catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde in an O/W emulsion stabilized by hexadecylphosphate acid terminated mixed-oxide nanoparticles

Catalysis in Pickering emulsions

“…Deng et al evaluated the oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde by liquid oxygen, a reaction highly demanded by industry in the past decades as the main route has serious environmental and corrosion problems and the benzaldehyde produced contains a small amount of halogens. 104 Liquid oxidation of toluene by oxygen with noble metal-based catalysts including Pd, Au, Pt, Ag and Ru has become popular owing to their excellent catalytic activity. Deng and co-workers report the doping effect of a series of metal oxides (MO) on the catalyst hexadecylphosphate acid (HDPA)-FeO x (Fig.…”

“…Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.impregnation method. Afterwards HDPA was loaded on the catalyst 104. The conversion of toluene is B71% and benzaldehyde is the only product formed when HDPA-25Fe 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 is used as catalyst.…”

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde: Effect of Aging Time and Calcination Temperature Using CuxZnyO Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

“…For example, Okunaka et al used the catalyst BiVO 4 loaded with Pd (0.1%) under blue-green light, and this method led to an 85% conversion product [47]. In another study, Deng and coworkers employed hexadecylphosphate acid (HDPA)-terminated mixed oxide nanoparticles for the selective oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde; an ∼83% yield of benzaldehyde was obtained, and the catalyst HDPA-(Fe 2 O 3 -NiO)/Al 2 O 3 possessed a >99% selectivity to benzaldehyde [48]. In another study reported by Shi et al, CoO x immobilized on SiO 2 was prepared and employed for a similar study.…”

Multiphase Microreactors Based on Liquid–Liquid and Gas–Liquid Dispersions Stabilized by Colloidal Catalytic Particles

“…. Particle-stabilized L-L-S microreactors for oxidation reactions:a )Epoxidation of olefins; [75,76,81] b) Partial oxidation of alcohols, [83,85,89] benzene hydroxylation, [90] and oxidation of sulfides [91] for synthesis;c )Partial/totalo xidation [92][93][94][95][96] and photocatalytic oxidation [97,98] for depollution.…”

“…[84] The oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde is enhanced due to the genesis of water‐in‐oil emulsions. (Fe 2 O 3 ‐NiO x )/Al 2 O 3 particles functionalized with hexadecylphosphate acid stabilize water‐in‐toluene emulsions and catalyze toluene oxidation to benzaldehyde using dissolved O 2 as oxidant with 83 % yield [85] . Au nanoparticles (10–15 nm) decorated with PiBA 20 ‐ b ‐PDMS 75 ‐ b ‐PiBA 20 copolymer (PiBA=polyisobornylacrylate, PDMS=polydimethyl‐siloxane) can assemble at the water/CHCl 3 interface, catalyzing the oxidation of primary alkyl/aryl organosilanes towards poly(alkyl/arylhydrosiloxane)s [86] .…”