Excreta Disposal in Dar-es-Salaam

Chaggu, E.J.; Mashauri, D.A.; Buuren, Joost van; Sanders, W.T.M.; Lettinga, G.

doi:10.1007/s00267-002-2685-8

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…It was also found that 79% of the discharge points along the Ocoa River corresponded to domestic sources that were "common areas of domestic dumping" of numerous effluents. This is a common problem in all developing countries where the main problem of water pollution is due to the lack of basic sanitation, and is related to vulnerable sectors of the population that have no options other than polluted rivers as a source for the water they need to conduct essential life functions such as food preparation, personal hygiene, laundry, recreation and sewage services [7,47]. In the municipality of Villavicencio Colombia, domestic sewage (79% of discharge sites) is concentrated and taken to points of discharge without treatment; however, not all homes are connected to the sewer system, because they have septic systems or simply pour wastes directly into a river.…”

Section: Sources Of Pollutants In the River Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Potentially Contaminated River Water on Agricultural Irrigated Soils in an Equatorial Climate

et al. 2017

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Globally, it is estimated that 20 million hectares of arable land are irrigated with water that contains residual contributions from domestic liquids. This potentially poses risks to public health and ecosystems, especially due to heavy metals, which are considered dangerous because of their potential toxicity and persistence in the environment. The Villavicencio region (Colombia) is an equatorial area where rainfall (near 3000 mm/year) and temperature (average 25.6 • C) are high. Soil processes in tropical conditions are fast and react quickly to changing conditions. Soil properties from agricultural fields irrigated with river water polluted by a variety of sources were analysed and compared to non-irrigated control soils. In this study, no physico-chemical alterations were found that gave evidence of a change due to the constant use of river water that contained wastes. This fact may be associated with the climatic factors (temperature and precipitation), which contribute to fast degradation of organic matter and nutrient and contaminants (such as heavy metals) leaching, or to dilution of wastes by the river.

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Section: Sources Of Pollutants In the River Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Potentially Contaminated River Water on Agricultural Irrigated Soils in an Equatorial Climate

et al. 2017

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“…A study conducted in Dar es Salaam the largest city in Tanzania gave similar result. It indicated that over 80% of its population of about 3.8m people use pit latrines with about 6% of the dwellers connected to the sewerage system (Chaggu et al, 2002).…”

Section: Wastewater Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstacles to Low Quality Water Irrigation of Food Crops in Morogoro, Tanzania

Samson¹,

Mdegela²,

Permin³

et al. 2017

JSD

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Knowledge on users' and regulators' views regarding obstacles on the use of low quality water forms the basis for the improvement of water reuse in food crops irrigation. A qualitative study was conducted to assess the obstacles to the use of low quality water for irrigation of food crops in urban and peri-urban areas in Tanzania. The study considered Morogoro urban and peri-urban areas as a case study due to the existence of paddy and vegetable production using the effluent from the waste stabilisation ponds. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with 22 key informants, and 4 focus group discussions with farmers. Content analysis was used in this study. Findings show that domestic wastewater was poorly disposed, waste stabilisation ponds as treatment facilities had limited management, and quality monitoring of effluent from the waste stabilisation ponds was limited to permit safe use of the effluent in food crops irrigation. The government officials were of the view that the effluent from the waste stabilisation ponds should not be used for leafy vegetables irrigation while farmers viewed vegetables farming as a quick source of income and livelihood strategy for many years. The study therefore suggests that the relevant agencies should improve the treatment of wastewater and quality monitoring of the effluent for safe use of low quality water for food crops irrigation in urban and peri-urban areas.

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“…Urban and rural areas without sewage coverage rely heavily on on-site sanitation systems such as latrines and septic tanks for temporary treatment and disposal of human excreta (Chaggu et al, 2002). The objective of the septic tank is to provide initial treatment to household wastewater by intercepting and separating solid faecal matter from the liquid part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%