Excretion of certain polyethylene glycol ether adducts of nonylphenol by the rat

Knaak, James B.; Eldridge, Jane M.; Sullivan, L.J.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(66)90129-3

Cited by 39 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Chapin et al (1999) have observed mild renal cyst formation in rats fed NP in a more conventional soy-containing diet. NP and some of its derivatives are excreted by the kidney (Drotman, 1980;Knaak et al, 1966) which may deliver a significant dose to the target site, potentially from both blood and urine. Kidney in humans (Concolino et al, 1993) and experimental animals have estrogen receptors (Hamilton et al, 1975;Li and Li, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycystic Kidney Disease Induced in F1 Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed para-Nonylphenol in a Soy-Free, Casein-Containing Diet

Latendresse

Newbold²,

Weis³

et al. 2001

Toxicological Sciences

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para-Nonylphenol (NP; CAS #84852-15-3), an alkylphenol with a 9-carbon olefin side chain, is widely used in the manufacture of nonionic surfactants, lubricant additives, polymer stabilizers, and antioxidants. Due to its wide commercial use and putative endocrine activity in humans and wildlife, the NTP elected to assess its effects on reproduction in multigenerational studies. To avoid known estrogenic activity of phytoestrogens in soy and alfalfa, a soy- and alfalfa-free, casein-containing diet was used in a range-finding study to determine the doses of NP to be tested further. NP was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in the diet at 0, 5, 25, 200, 500, 1000, or 2000 ppm to F(0) dams beginning on gestation-day 7. The F(1) pups were weaned at postnatal day (PND) 21, and their exposure via diet was continued at the same dose level as their respective dams. Pup weights from birth through weaning were not significantly different from controls in any dose group, but the average weight of both sexes was significantly less compared to controls, beginning with the PND 28 weighing. The F(1) rats were sacrificed on PND 50 (n = 15, 3 pups of each sex from 5 litters for all dose groups). Terminal body weights of males and females in the 2000-ppm dose group were 74% and 85% of controls, respectively. Severe polycystic kidney disease (PKD) was present in 100% of the 2000 ppm-exposed male and female rats. At 1000 ppm, 67% of males and 53% of females had mild to moderate PKD versus none of either sex in the control and lower-dose groups. The no-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for PKD was determined to be 500 ppm. Previous studies with comparable duration and route of exposure, but using soy-containing diets, reported either no or only mild PKD at 2000 ppm NP. We conclude that the renal toxicity of NP is highly dependent on the diet on which the animals are maintained. The potential interaction of diet and test compounds on nonreproductive as well as reproductive endpoints should be considered when contemplating the use of special diets formulated to minimize exogenous "hormone" content for the study of the effects of putative endocrine disruptive chemicals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycystic Kidney Disease Induced in F1 Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed para-Nonylphenol in a Soy-Free, Casein-Containing Diet

Latendresse

Newbold²,

Weis³

et al. 2001

Toxicological Sciences

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“…Nonylphenol has been reported to leach from PVC tubing for milk processing (35) and plastics used in food packaging (36). APEs such as those used as spermicides are degraded to free nonylphenol when administered to rodents (37). The contribution of APEs and alkylphenols to the xenoestrogen burden of humans is unknown; however, it has been reported that these chemicals are present in sewage outlets in concentrations sufficient to feminize sentinel fish (38).…”

Section: Animal Bioassays and The E-screen Assay: Differences And Simmentioning

confidence: 99%

The E-SCREEN Assay as a Tool to Identify Estrogens: An Update on Estrogenic Environmental Pollutants

Soto¹,

Sonnenschein²,

Chung³

et al. 1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

178

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Estrogens are defined by their ability to induce the proliferation of cells of the female genital tract. The wide chemical diversity of estrogenic compounds precludes an accurate prediction of estrogenic activity on the basis of chemical structure. Rodent bioassays are not suited for the large-scale screening of chemicals before their release into the environment because of their cost, complexity, and ethical concerns. The E-SCREEN assay was developed to assess the estrogenicity of environmental chemicals using the proliferative effect of estrogens on their target cells as an end point. This quantitative assay compares the cell number achieved by similar inocula of MCF-7 cells in the absence of estrogens (negative control) and in the presence of 1 7,B-estradiol (positive control) and a range of concentrations of chemicals suspected to be estrogenic. Among the compounds tested, several "new" estrogens were found; alkylphenols, phthalates, some PCB congeners and hydroxylated PCBs, and the insecticides dieldrin, endosulfan, and toxaphene were estrogenic by the E-SCREEN assay. In addition, these compounds competed with estradiol for binding to the estrogen receptor and increased the levels of progesterone receptor and pS2 in MCF-7 cells, as expected from estrogen mimics. Recombinant human growth factors (bFGF, EGF, IGF-1) and insulin did not increase cell yields. The aims of the work summarized in this paper were a) to validate the E-SCREEN assay; b) to screen a variety of chemicals present in the environment to identify those that may be causing reproductive effects in wildlife and humans; c) to assess whether environmental estrogens may act cumulatively; and finally d) to discuss the reliability of this and other assays to screen chemicals for their estrogenicity before they are released into the environment. -Environ Health Perspect 1 03(Suppl 7):113-122 (1995)

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“…We calculated a biotransformation rate of 0.4 d À1 for secondary carnivores based on a whole body biological half-life of 1.5 d À1 measured in rats (Rattus sp.) administrated with NP and an elimination rate of 0.02 d À1 for secondary carnivores as calculated with OMEGA (Knaak et al, 1966). For NPEOs, only biotransformation data for bacteria were available (Kvestak and Ahel, 1995;Gu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Empirical Biotransformation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling bioaccumulation and biomagnification of nonylphenol and its ethoxylates in estuarine–marine food chains

et al. 2015

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Excretion of certain polyethylene glycol ether adducts of nonylphenol by the rat

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Polycystic Kidney Disease Induced in F1 Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed para-Nonylphenol in a Soy-Free, Casein-Containing Diet

Polycystic Kidney Disease Induced in F1 Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed para-Nonylphenol in a Soy-Free, Casein-Containing Diet

The E-SCREEN Assay as a Tool to Identify Estrogens: An Update on Estrogenic Environmental Pollutants

Modeling bioaccumulation and biomagnification of nonylphenol and its ethoxylates in estuarine–marine food chains

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