Excretion of Sodium and Potassium in Cat Submandibular Saliva

Petersen, O. H.; Poulsen, J.C. Navarro

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03611.x

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These values are very high (cf. Petersen & Poulsen, 1967).) As will be discussed below, the secretion of fluid, protein and electrolytes by the isolated rabbit mandibular gland during constant infusion of acetylcholine or catecholamines is similar to that observed in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Electrolyte and protein secretion by the perfused rabbit mandibular gland stimulated with acetylcholine or catecholamines

Case

Conigrave

Novak

et al. 1980

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. A method is described for the isolation and vascular perfusion in vitro of the mandibular gland of the rabbit. The perfusate is a physiological salt solution containing glucose as the only metabolic substrate.2. During perfusion with solutions containing acetylcholine, the gland secretes vigorously at a rate and in a manner similar to that seen in vivo. Although the gland becomes oedematous during perfusion, the extent of this oedema appears to have no influence on secretary ability: the perfused glands were capable of functioning for at least 4 h, and often for more than 6 h.3. Acetylcholine evoked a small secretary response at a concentration of 8 x 10-1 mol 1-1 and a maximum response at 8 x 1o-7 mol l-'. Eserine (2 x 10-5 mol l-1) evoked secretary responses comparable to those evoked by acetylcholine in a concentration of 8 x 10-9 mol 1-l. Secretion, whether unstimulated or evoked by acetylcholine or eserine, could be blocked completely by atropine.4. During prolonged stimulation with acetylcholine, the fluid secretary response declined rapidly over a period of about 15 min from an initial high value to a much lower plateau value. After 3 or more hours of stimulation, the secretary response began once more to decline, this time towards zero. If, before the second period of decline begins, stimulation is interrupted for about 30 min, the gland recovers its initial responsiveness to further stimulation with acetylcholine.5. The Na, K, Cl and HCO3 concentrations and the osmolality of acetylcholine evoked saliva exhibited flow-dependency similar to that seen in vivo. The concentrations of Na and Cl, but not K and HCO3, increased by about 25 mmol 1-1 during periods of prolonged stimulation with acetylcholine even though the salivary secretary rate was constant. The concentrations of K and HCO3, but not Na and Cl, increased progressively as the concentration of infused acetylcholine was increased.6. Salivary protein secretion increased with increasing concentrations of acetylcholine to a greater extent than did fluid secretion. During continuous stimulation, the rate of protein secretion fell off much faster than the rate of fluid secretion. R. M. CASE AND OTHERS saliva was vastly different from that evoked by acetylcholine, being particularly rich in K and HCO3. The isoproterenol-evoked saliva was also extremely rich in protein so that the total protein secretion evoked by isoproterenol was much greater than that evoked by acetylcholine.8. The a-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine was without stimulatory effect on salivary fluid secretion and caused a reduction in the secretary response to acetylcholine. The drug had little or no effect on the electrolyte content of acetyloholineevoked saliva and appeared to reduce its protein content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Electrolyte and protein secretion by the perfused rabbit mandibular gland stimulated with acetylcholine or catecholamines

Case

Conigrave

Novak

et al. 1980

The Journal of Physiology

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“…As a generalization, the sodium concentration of saliva in those species that have been studied is positively correlated with the rate of salivary flow over most of the flow range (Gregerson and Ingalls 1931;Thaysen et al 1954;Brusilow and Cooke 1959;Yoshimura et al 1959;Mangos and Braun 1966;Petersen and Poulsen 1967). The sodium concentration of parotid saliva from sheep has also been reported to increase with increasing flow rate (Coats and Wright 1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…(5) Sodium concentration of parotid saliva fell when increased flow rates occurred during rumination in sheep (A. M. Beal, pnpublished data). (6) In rat and human parotid ,glands and cat submandibular glands, similar salivary electrolyte patterns have been observed after both parasympathomimetic stimulation and parasympathetic nerve or reflex stimulation of flow (Hildes and Ferguson 1955;Schneyer and Hall 1965;Mangos and Braun 1966;Petersen and Poulsen 1967;Knauf and Fr6mter 1970a;Kaladelfos and Young 1974). In sodium-deficient sheep, mineralocorticoids acton the duct system of the parotid gland causing increased reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium (Blair-West et al 1969;Compton and Young 1976) and under these conditions concentration of sodium in the saliva should be ap.d is positively correlated with salivary flow (Denton 1956;Beal et al 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Salivary Electrolyte Concentrations and Electrical Potential Difference Across the Parotid Salivary Duct of Anaesthetized Sodium-Replete Sheep

Am¹

1980

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Salivary flow rate and the concentrations of electrolytes in parotid saliva and arterial plasma from anaesthetized sodium-replete sheep were measured before, during and after ipsilateral intracarotid infusion of acetylcholine at 10 nmol min -1 to ascertain whether anaesthesia altered the relation between salivary flow and sodium concentration. The potential difference (PO) between the lumen of the parotid duct and the vascular system was also measured. Concentrations of salivary sodium and phosphate were decreased and potassium concentration and total CO2 content were increased when rate of salivary flow was increased by acetylcholine infusion. Salivary chloride concentration was reduced in five experiments and increased in three experiments when flow rate was elevated. Thus the flow-composition relations of parotid saliva from anaesthetized sheep were essentially the same as those for saliva from conscious animals. The PO between the lumen of the parotid duct and blood at resting flow rates was 9·4± 1·07 mY, lumen negative. At high flow rates, stimulated by acetylcholine infusion, the PO increased to 21· 9 ± 2· 20 mY, lumen negative. This increase in PO of the duct epithelium appeared to depend on changes in the composition of saliva arriving at the site of potential measurement.

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“…Under high-level cholinergic stimulation, mandibular glands are capable of secreting fluid at rates exceeding 100 pl/min/g wet weight of gland and, in some species (cat, rabbit and kangaroo), flow rates approximating 400-500 pl/min/g gland have been reported (Petersen & Poulsen, 1967;Mangos, McSherry, Irwin & Hong, 1973;Beal, 19866). The maximal salivary flow rates observed for the mandibular gland of the koala ranged between 177 and 306 (mean 230 k 18.2) pl/min/g gland.…”

Section: Fluid Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of flow rate and aldosterone administration on mandibular salivary composition in the koala: (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Beal¹

1991

Journal of Zoology

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The possibility of adaptations of mandibular salivary function to a diet of eucalypt leaves and for evaporative cooling was investigated in anaesthetized koalas. Salivary composition, at a range of flow rates up to maximum and during aldosterone administration, was measured in saliva evoked by intravenous infusion of carbamylcholine chloride. Maximum fluid secretion rates per gram tissue (230 ± 18·2 μl/min/g gland) were similar to mandibular glands of other species and about four times the rates/g gland reported for the parotid gland of koalas. Salivary concentrations of Na (6·1 ± 0·91 to 67·7 ± 3·51 mmol·l−1), Cl (7·2 ± 0·71 to 53·0 ± 2·82 mmol·l−1), HCO3 (8·6 ± 0·81 to 19·4 ± 2·13 mmol·l−1) and the osmolality (26·7 ± 2·34 to 132·9 ± 5·47 mosmol.kg−1) were positively correlated with salivary flow rate. The concentrations of urea (1·87 ± 0·034 to 0·71 ± 0·099 mmol·l−1), K (13·0 ± 0·90 to 6·25 ± 0·482 mmol·l1‐), Mg (33·6 ± 2·53 to 10·1 ± 4·68 pmol·l−1), H+ (246·2 ± 55·78 to 62·1 ± 8·01 n̈mol·l−1) and PO4 (3·46 ± 0·350 to 1·13 ± 0·044 mmol·l−1) were negatively related to flow rate. Total protein (411 ± 44·4 to 656 ± 146·4 mg·l−1) and total Ca (356 ± 45·2 to 467 ± 61·6 μmol·l−1) concentrations were not correlated with flow but were highly correlated with one another. With salivary amylase activity being absent and plasma amylase activity being very low indicating low production rates by other tissues, the koala is likely to have limited ability to digest starch. Intravenous infusion of aldosterone at 5 μg·h−1 for 90 rnin followed by 50 μg·h−1 for 105 min demonstrated that the gland responded rapidly to changes in endogenous mineralocorticoid levels. Mean salivary Na/K ratio before aldosterone administration was 6·9± 201, the ratio had fallen significantly (P < 0·05) after 75–90 min infusion and had fallen to 0·71 ± 0·172 by the last 30 min of infusion. It was concluded that the mandibular gland of the koala, with its relatively high secretory capacity and its sensitivity to stimulation, would have the major influence on the composition of mixed saliva during low‐flow reflex secretion. Additionally, because the gland is responsive to acute changes in mineralocorticoids and produces a markedly hypotonic saliva, the mandibular is better adapted than the parotid gland to be the primary source of saliva for evaporative cooling.

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Excretion of Sodium and Potassium in Cat Submandibular Saliva

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Electrolyte and protein secretion by the perfused rabbit mandibular gland stimulated with acetylcholine or catecholamines

Electrolyte and protein secretion by the perfused rabbit mandibular gland stimulated with acetylcholine or catecholamines

Salivary Electrolyte Concentrations and Electrical Potential Difference Across the Parotid Salivary Duct of Anaesthetized Sodium-Replete Sheep

Influence of flow rate and aldosterone administration on mandibular salivary composition in the koala: (Phascolarctos cinereus)

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