Excretion of tetrahydroharmane and harmane into the urine of man and rat after a load with ethanol

Rommelspacher, Hans; Strauss, Sabine; Lindemann, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(80)81088-x

Cited by 87 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…While in experimental studies [13,79] dosing with ethanol resulted in elevated harman levels this was not observed in alcoholics but rather elevation of norharman levels were reported.…”

Section: β-Carbolines and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Early studies [13] showed that a high dose of ethanol (100 g) resulted in an increase of urinary excretion of harman in man. Similarly, following a dose of 1 g ethanol per kg body weight (bw) it was shown that plasma levels of ethanol and acetaldehyde paralleled the concentration of harman (detectable in 7 of the 11 treated male subjects) in erythrocytes with a maximum reached at 1-2 h after dosing [79].…”

Section: Endogenous Formation Of β-Carbolinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, intake of high doses of ethanol resulted in elevated levels of urinary harman excretion [13]. Therefore, harman was suggested as a possible trait marker of alcoholism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to β-carbolines norharman and harman

Pfau

Skog

2004

Journal of Chromatography B

198

170

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“…While in experimental studies [13,79] dosing with ethanol resulted in elevated harman levels this was not observed in alcoholics but rather elevation of norharman levels were reported.…”

Section: β-Carbolines and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Endogenous Formation Of β-Carbolinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to β-carbolines norharman and harman

Pfau

Skog

2004

Journal of Chromatography B

198

170

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“…conditions has been reported in the literature (2,3,8). Given their increasing toxicological importance, development of a simple and rapid analytical approach for clinical detection and quantitation of β-carboline derivatives in humans is highly desirable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Harmane and Harmine in Human Blood Using Reversed-Phased High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection

Zheng

Wang

Barnes

et al. 2000

Analytical Biochemistry

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A number of tremorogenic β-carboline alkaloids have been found in common plant-derived foodstuffs, beverages, and inhaled substances. Because of their natural presence in the food chain, there is a growing concern regarding the potential risks of certain essen tial tremors associated with the long-term low-level dietary exposure to these alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to develop an effective analytical method to determine blood levels of two major β-car boline derivatives, harmane and harmine. Human blood was extracted with ethyl acetate and methyl-tbutyl ether (2:98) under an alkaline condition. After evaporation of organic solvent, the samples were re-constructed in methanol. The samples were fraction ated on a 250 × 4.6-mm C18 reversed-phase column with an isocratic mobile system consisting of 17.5 mM potassium phosphate buffer (ph 6.5) and methanol (30: 70), followed by an on-line fluorescence detection. The method had the detection limit to determine 206 and 81 pg/ml of harmane and harmine, respectively, in 10 ml of human blood. The intraday precision (C.V.) at 25 ng/ml was less than 6.7 and 3.4% for harmane and harmine, respectively. The interday precision was 7.3% for harmane and 5.4% for harmine. The method has proven sensitive, reproducible, and thus useful for both laboratory and clinical studies of β-carboline toxicities.A number of tremorogenic β-carboline alkaloids such as harmane, harmine, harmaline, and ibogaine have been found in common plant-derived foodstuffs (wheat, rice, corn, barley, soybeans, rye, grapes, mushrooms, vinegar). plant -derived beverages (wine. beer. whisky. brandy, sake). and plant-derived inhaled substances (tobacco) (1, 6). These substances are also endogenous to animal tissue (6, 9) and have been isolated in beef and sardines (1). Laboratory animals exposed to these chemicals result in an acute action tremor (5). Because of their natural presence in the food chain, it is conceivable that the route of exposure in humans would be from dietary sources, smoking. and consumption of alcoholic beverages. In fact, the occurrence of β-carbo-lines in human blood under normal physiological Copyright © 2000 by Academic Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Rommelspacher et al. employed thin-layer gel-plate separation and mul tiple extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect 6-0H-tetrahydronorharmane (6-0H-THN) in rat and human sam ples (9). The substantial precolumn preparation in that study limited its application to clinical monitoring of this and other β-carbolines. Moncrieff also reported an HPLC method for tissue harmane, harmine, and harmaline (4). However, the quantitation of three compounds required three different mobile phases and three separate HPLC runs. A better HPLC method was developed by Adachi et al.(1) for determination norharmane and harmane in foodstuffs. Nevertheless, the adaptability of this method to biological remains uncertain. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no report ...

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“…They also modulate voltage-activated calcium, sodium and potassium channel currents [16,17]. β-carbolines are assumed to have neuroprotective properties as well as cytotoxic properties [18][19][20], excitation and euphoria [21,22], analgesic effects [23], anticancerous and antibiotic properties [24,25]. It is also suggested that β-carbolines in high doses are epileptogenic, in medium doses anxiogenic, while in low doses, improve learning and memory [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%