Executive deficits in chronic PTSD related to political violence

Kanagaratnam, Pushpa; Asbjørnsen, Arve

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.06.008

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Accordingly, numerous neuropsychological studies have demonstrated verbal declarative memory deficits in both combat and non-combat PTSD (e.g., [52][53][54]). Several studies have also reported that PTSD is associated with executive dysfunction (e.g., [55][56][57]). This evidence suggests that neuropsychological deficits in PTSD involve dysfunction in the arousal systems and frontal-limbic neural circuits [58,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Memory and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Preliminary Neuropsychological Study in Female Victims of Domestic Violence

Tang¹

2014

J Psychiatry

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Objectives: The current study was designed to examine the features of emotional memory that are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and to investigate whether emotional memory and neuropsychological function predict the severity of PTSD symptoms.Method: Forty-five domestic violence victims were recruited and separated into the PTSD and N-PTSD groups, and 31 healthy volunteers were recruited as the normal control group. All participants filled out self-report instruments and underwent neuropsychological testing as well as an unexpected memory task (emotional memory questionnaire, EMQ) after watching a film on domestic violence. The questionnaire evaluated the participants' memory of the central aspects of the film (EMQ-C) and the peripheral aspects of the film (EMQ-P). Results:The PTSD group scored lower on the EMQ-C, whereas there were no significant differences for the EMQ-P or neuropsychological measures among the three groups. Additionally, the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), category fluency, Verbal Paired Associates and EMQ-C predicted the PTSD symptoms. Conclusions:Both the index of the emotional memory and the perseverative error of MCST are powerful predictors of the severity levels of PTSD symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Memory and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Preliminary Neuropsychological Study in Female Victims of Domestic Violence

Tang¹

2014

J Psychiatry

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“…Noradrenergic signaling in the mPFC is implicated in tasks requiring cognitive flexibility (Lapiz and Morilak, 2006;Aston-Jones et al, 1999), and extinction learning is a form of cognitive flexibility that is dependent upon the functional integrity of the mPFC . Cognitive dysfunction, including cognitive inflexibility and perseveration, is an important component of stress-related psychiatric disorders, and individuals with depression, obsessivecompulsive disorder, or PTSD perform poorly on tests of executive function and cognitive flexibility Fossati et al, 1999;Koenen et al, 2001;Moritz et al, 2002;Kangaratnam and Asbjørnsen, 2007). Such cognitive deficits are often manifest in the form of negative biases, contributing to disordered thinking about self-worth, life stressors, and/or fear-provoking events (Coles and Heimberg, 2002;Elzinga and Bremner, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in the context of stress, both the brain noradrenergic system and the HPA axis are involved in regulation and dysregulation of cognitive processes such as learning and memory (de Quervain et al, 2009), including specifically conditioned fear and extinction learning (McIntyre et al, 2002;Mueller et al, 2008;Gourley et al, 2009). Impaired cognition, maladaptive fear responses, and impaired extinction of learned fear are primary symptoms of a number of affective disorders, with these fear-related symptoms being most relevant to anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, phobias, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and PTSD Fossati et al, 1999;Koenen et al, 2001;Moritz et al, 2002;Kangaratnam and Asbjørnsen, 2007;. Therefore, it is possible that the mechanisms by which vulnerability factors such as prenatal stress may induce long-lasting susceptibility to develop psychopathology upon adult stress exposure could include dysregulation of the HPA axis and/or brain noradrenergic system, resulting specifically in maladaptive responses to fear-provoking stimuli and an impaired ability to extinguish fear responses in non-stressful conditions.…”

Section: Reportable Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The STRONG STAR Multidisciplinary PTSD Research Consortium

Strong¹,

Frazer²,

Morilak³

2012

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. Email: strong@uthscsa.edu 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER REPORT DATE PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX 78229 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT A. INTRODUCTION:Traumatic stress is a requirement for the development of PTSD. However, the majority of trauma-exposed persons do not develop PTSD. Therefore, examination of the typical effects of a stressor may not identify the critical components of PTSD risk or pathogenesis. One obvious explanation for individual differences in vulnerability to PTSD is that there may be genetic predisposition to susceptibility to precipitating stressors. However, to date, very few genetic polymorphisms for PTSD have been identified. An alternative mechanism that would impart lifelong vulnerability to PTSD is stable alterations in gene expression programmed by exposure to early life stressors. Therefore, the hypothesis to be addressed by this project is that early life exposure to stress or glucocorticoids programs a distinct neurochemical and behavioral phenotype during adulthood characterized by vulnerability to stressors that trigger PTSD. Moreover, we hypothesize that the susceptibility to PTSD can be reversed in adult offspring by anti-depressants that have been reported to reverse the epigenetic changes in expression of selected genes caused by stress. To address this hypothesis, we proposed the following specific aims: 1. To generate and characterize models of early life stress: prenatal stress; prenatal glucocorticoid receptor stimulation; and perinatal stress and perinatal glucocorticoid exposure. 2.To determine adult predictors of vulnerability to stress: as determined by behavioral, physiological, and molecular and neurochemical measures. 3. To determine adult vulnerability to stress: Adult offspring from models developed in Specific Aim 1 are exposed to a ...

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“…Patients with PTSD experience difficulties with different aspects of executive functioning, such as divided attention, cognitive flexibility, attentional control, inhibition, concentration, working memory, and planning [11][12][13][14]. Symptoms of PTSD may result from their difficulty with inhibition; therefore, patients with PTSD cannot suppress their thoughts and feelings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Function and Attention Deficits in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Study on Iranian War Veterans

Samadi

Kashani

Kami

et al. 2018

IRJ

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Objectives:Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) show poor cognitive performance during neuropsychological tests. Literature is scarce regarding veterans suffering with chronic PTSD. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the cognitive deficiencies of veterans with chronic PTSD with those of healthy participants. Methods:A total of 51 hospitalized veterans and 45 healthy individuals were selected using a purposeful sampling method. Both groups performed a simple Stroop Test and the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Results:The results of independent samples t-test showed a significant difference in cognitive impairment between the veterans with PTSD and healthy subjects, and the veterans had lower performances on most aspects of the tests than that of the control group.Discussion: According to our results, veterans with chronic PTSD showed lower cognitive performance than that of healthy individuals. This suggests that examination of the cognitive functioning of patients with PTSD can be useful in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PTSD.

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Executive deficits in chronic PTSD related to political violence

Cited by 59 publications

References 52 publications

Emotional Memory and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Preliminary Neuropsychological Study in Female Victims of Domestic Violence

Emotional Memory and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Preliminary Neuropsychological Study in Female Victims of Domestic Violence

The STRONG STAR Multidisciplinary PTSD Research Consortium

Executive Function and Attention Deficits in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Study on Iranian War Veterans

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