Executive function and other cognitive deficits are distal risk factors of generalized anxiety disorder 9 years later

Zainal, Nur Hani; Newman, Michelle G.

doi:10.1017/s0033291717003579

Cited by 72 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…For instance, the early parental loss is a protective factor for panic (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.7–1.0), but a risk factor for PTSD (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0–1.4) (Blanco et al, ). Although we have found effects only for PTSD and agoraphobia, due to the small number of studies included in subgroup analysis, only two studies provided data for incident agoraphobia (Strohle et al, ; Ten Have et al, ), PTSD (LeardMann et al, ; Strohle et al, ), panic Strohle et al, ; Ten Have et al, ), OCD (Strohle et al, ; Ten Have et al, ), social phobia (Strohle et al, ; Ten Have et al, ), and specific phobias (Strohle et al, ; Ten Have et al, ), and four for GAD (McDowell, Dishman et al, ; Strohle et al, ; Ten Have et al, ; Zainal & Newman, ), it is precocious to determine whether these effects are common to all anxiety disorders or are disorder‐specific and more research is needed to adequately address this point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…One study was found using the reference lists of previously published studies. In total, 14 cohorts of 13 unique prospective studies were included in this review (Baumeister et al, 2017;Beard, Heathcote, Brooks, Earnest, & Kelly, 2007;Cynthia et al, 2011;Da Silva et al, 2012;Jonsdottir, Rodjer, Hadzibajramovic, Borjesson, & Ahlborg, 2010;Kang et al, 2015;McDowell, Gordon, Andrews, MacDonncha, & Herring, 2018;Muller, Ganeshamoorthy, & Myers, 2017;Pasco et al, 2011;Sanchez-Villegas et al, 2008;Strohle et al, 2007;Ten Have, de Graaf, & Monshouwer, 2011;Zainal & Newman, 2018).…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies

et al. 2019

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Background Prospective cohorts have suggested that physical activity (PA) can decrease the risk of incident anxiety. However, no meta‐analysis has been conducted. Aims To examine the prospective relationship between PA and incident anxiety and explore potential moderators. Methods Searches were conducted on major databases from inception to October 10, 2018 for prospective studies (at least 1 year of follow‐up) that calculated the odds ratio (OR) of incident anxiety in people with high PA against people with low PA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted and heterogeneity was explored using subgroup and meta‐regression analysis. Results Across 14 cohorts of 13 unique prospective studies (N = 75,831, median males = 50.1%) followed for 357,424 person‐years, people with high self‐reported PA (versus low PA) were at reduced odds of developing anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74; 95% confidence level [95% CI] = 0.62, 0.88; crude OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.92). High self‐reported PA was protective against the emergence of agoraphobia (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.98) and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39, 0.85). The protective effects for anxiety were evident in Asia (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.96) and Europe (AOR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.97); for children/adolescents (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.29, 0.90) and adults (AOR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.95). Results remained robust when adjusting for confounding factors. Overall study quality was moderate to high (mean NOS = 6.7 out of 9). Conclusion Evidence supports the notion that self‐reported PA can confer protection against the emergence of anxiety regardless of demographic factors. In particular, higher PA levels protects from agoraphobia and posttraumatic disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies

et al. 2019

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“…On the other hand, poorer working memory performance is related to higher anxiety levels in those with clinical anxiety disorders (Waechter et al, ). Working memory deficits have been associated with clinical anxiety disorders: poor updating and generalized anxiety disorder (Zainal & Newman, ), general working memory performance and somatic symptoms (de Vroege, Timmermans, Kop, & van der Feltz‐Cornelis, ), social anxiety (Moriya, ), and post‐traumatic stress disorder (Nejati, Salehinejad, & Sabayee, ).…”

Section: Anxiety Disorders and Working Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of working memory training on emotion regulation: Transdiagnostic review

Barkus

2020

PsyCh Journal

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Working memory training is widely used transdiagnostically to improve cognition. However, more recently, studies using working memory training packages have targeted emotion-regulation outcomes to determine whether far transfer effects can be achieved.A narrative review is conducted of studies that have used standardized computerized working memory training packages across healthy volunteers, affect, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disordered populations with emotion-regulation outcomes.Working memory training has been used in children, adolescents, and adults to improve emotion regulation. Many studies have reported gains in mood as well as emotion-regulation strategies following working memory training, regardless of clinical indication and whether near transfer gains were achieved in cognitive domains. Significant emotion-regulation outcomes include: state and trait anxiety, rumination, brooding, positive appraisal, decreasing maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies, and decreasing intrusive thoughts. It is speculated that these far transfer outcomes from working memory training are possible due to the cognitive and neural overlap between cognitive and affective working memory, and emotion regulation. Working memory training could improve cognitive efficiency, which, in turn, increases the availability of cognitive resources during times when emotion regulation is taxed. Future studies need to consider the role of participant expectancy in predicting outcome measure performance, and including subjective and objective outcomes is paramount to study design. Furthermore, sample sizes require additional attention, given that the current review highlights that individual differences in non-clinical and clinical populations influence the outcomes from working memory training. Working memory training offers a possibility for improving emotion regulation transdiagnostically.

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“…Extended Poisson models have been applied to further scores of established cognitive ability tests, such as the d2 test of attention and the Kit of Reference Tests for Cognitive Factors and by, for example, Baghaei, Ravand, and Nadri (2019), Jansen and van Duijn (1992), Meredith (1968), Verhelst and Kamphuis (2009), and Ogasawara (1996). Finally, as a clinical example, the analysis of generalized anxiety orders by Poisson regression should be mentioned (Zainal & Newmann, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D‐optimal design for the Rasch counts model with multiple binary predictors

Graßhoff

Holling

Schwabe³

2020

Brit J Math & Statis

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In this paper we derive optimal designs for the Rasch Poisson counts model and its extended version of the (generalized) negative binomial counts model incorporating several binary predictors for the difficulty parameter. To efficiently estimate the regression coefficients of the predictors, locally D‐optimal designs are developed. After an introduction to the Rasch Poisson counts model and its extension, we will specify these models as particular generalized linear models. Based on this embedding, optimal designs for both models including several binary explanatory variables will be presented. Therefore, we will derive conditions on the effect sizes for certain designs to be locally D‐optimal. Finally, it is pointed out that the results derived for the Rasch Poisson models can be applied for more general Poisson regression models which should receive more attention in future psychological research.

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Executive function and other cognitive deficits are distal risk factors of generalized anxiety disorder 9 years later

Abstract: Global cognition, inductive reasoning, inhibition, set-shifting, and WM updating EF impairments may be distal risk factors for elevated GAD nearly a decade later.

Cited by 72 publications

References 105 publications

Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies

Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies

Effects of working memory training on emotion regulation: Transdiagnostic review

D‐optimal design for the Rasch counts model with multiple binary predictors

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