Executive Function and Survival in the Context of Chronic Illness

Hall, Peter A.; Crossley, Margaret; D’Arcy, Carl

doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9162-z

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…For example, Hall et al (2006) found that better Stroop performance was related cross-sectionally to lower smoking rates, less alcohol consumption, and to better sleep quality in a community sample spanning 20–100 years of age. In another study, Hall et al (2010) found that higher EF performance predicted a greater likelihood of survival over a 10-year period among community-dwelling older adults suffering from one or more chronic illnesses. Finally, it has been shown that overweight and obese children with a greater valuation of delayed monetary and food rewards, relative to immediate rewards, show improved weight loss (Best et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Improvements to executive function during exercise training predict maintenance of physical activity over the following year

Best

Nagamatsu

Liu-Ambrose

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

106

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Previous studies have shown that exercise training benefits cognitive, neural, and physical health markers in older adults. It is likely that these positive effects will diminish if participants return to sedentary lifestyles following training cessation. Theory posits that that the neurocognitive processes underlying self-regulation, namely executive function (EF), are important to maintaining positive health behaviors. Therefore, we examined whether better EF performance in older women would predict greater adherence to routine physical activity (PA) over 1 year following a 12-month resistance exercise training randomized controlled trial. The study sample consisted of 125 community-dwelling women aged 65–75 years old. Our primary outcome measure was self-reported PA, as measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), assessed on a monthly basis from month 13 to month 25. Executive function was assessed using the Stroop Test at baseline (month 0) and post-training (month 12). Latent growth curve analyses showed that, on average, PA decreased during the follow-up period but at a decelerating rate. Women who made greater improvements to EF during the training period showed better adherence to PA during the 1-year follow-up period (β = −0.36, p < 0.05); this association was unmitigated by the addition of covariates (β = −0.44, p < 0.05). As expected, EF did not predict changes in PA during the training period (p > 0.10). Overall, these findings suggest that improving EF plays an important role in whether older women maintain higher levels of PA following exercise training and that this association is only apparent after training when environmental support for PA is low.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Improvements to executive function during exercise training predict maintenance of physical activity over the following year

Best

Nagamatsu

Liu-Ambrose

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

106

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“…TST suggests that self-regulation is based on an interaction of self-regulatory capacity, motivation, and ecological factors at the moment of choice, for example choosing short-term positive outcomes (e.g., relaxing rather than exercising) at the cost of long-term investments (e.g., long-term positive impact of physical activity). There are also indications that executive functions play a role in ability to self-regulate [12, 48], and neuro-cognitive comprise has been associated with lower medical adherence among HIV+ adults [49] as well as survival time in the context of chronic illness [48]. The results from the current study add to a new line of research, examining the impact of self-regulatory fatigue on outcomes among cancer patients and particularly patients preparing for HSCT, identifying significant and potentially detrimental links.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-regulatory Fatigue in Hematologic Malignancies: Impact on Quality of Life, Coping, and Adherence to Medical Recommendations

et al. 2011

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Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intensive cancer therapy entailing numerous physical, emotional, cognitive, and practical challenges. Patients' ability to adjust and cope with such challenges may depend on their ability to exert control over cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes, that is, ability to self-regulate. Self-regulatory capacity is a limited resource that can be depleted or fatigued (i.e., “self-regulatory fatigue”), particularly in the context of stressful life events such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. Purpose This is one of the first studies to examine self-regulatory fatigue in a cancer population. The current study aimed to (1) extract items for a specific scale of self-regulatory capacity and (2) examine the impact of such capacity on adaptation in patients with hematologic malignancies preparing for HSCT. Methods Factor analysis of four existing scales gauging psychological adjustment and well-being in 314 patients preparing for HSCT (63% male and 89% Caucasian) identified 23 items (α=0.85) related to self-regulatory control or fatigue. This measure was then examined using existing clinical data obtained from 178 patients (57% male and 91% Caucasian) undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies in relationship to quality of life, coping, and self-reported adherence to physicians' recommendations. Results Controlling for pain severity, physical fatigue, and depression, self-regulatory fatigue scores were incrementally associated with decreased quality of life, use of avoidance coping strategies, and decreased adherence to physicians' recommendations. Conclusion These results emphasize the potential role of self-regulatory capacity in coping with and adjusting to hematologic cancers and future research is warranted.

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“…For example, the DSST was categorized a measure of attention; however, it could also be conceptualized as a measure of task shifting, inhibition, and working memory (84,85). Heterogeneity in measurement of EF across studies, another limiting factor, may have resulted, at least in part, due to differences in study quality (see Supplemental Digital Content 2 for analysis and discussion of two indicators-sample size and confirmation of control status, http://links.lww.com/PSYMED/A159).…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Function in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Vincent

Hall

2015

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Executive Function and Survival in the Context of Chronic Illness

Abstract: Individual differences in EF may be important determinants of survival in the context of chronic illness.

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Improvements to executive function during exercise training predict maintenance of physical activity over the following year

Improvements to executive function during exercise training predict maintenance of physical activity over the following year

Self-regulatory Fatigue in Hematologic Malignancies: Impact on Quality of Life, Coping, and Adherence to Medical Recommendations

Executive Function in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

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