Executive function in Down syndrome: A meta-analysis

Tungate, Andrew S.; Conners, Frances A.

doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103802

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Third, the number of words recalled over trials increased more slowly for people with DS than for people with mixed ID. Taken together, the slower improvement observed for the participants with DS over trials and with increases in MA may reflect their impairments in memory rehearsal [ 41 ], phonological loop [ 42 ], memory consolidation and retrieval [ 43 ], and other executive function processes [ 44 ] such as monitoring previously recalled items and selectively attending to missed items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Everyday Memory in People with Down Syndrome

et al. 2021

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Although memory functions in people with Down Syndrome (DS) have been studied extensively, how well people with DS remember things about everyday life is not well understood. In the current study, 31 adolescents/young adults with DS and 26 with intellectual disabilities (ID) of mixed etiology (not DS) participated. They completed an everyday memory questionnaire about personal facts and recent events (e.g., school name, breakfast). They also completed a standard laboratory task of verbal long-term memory (LTM) where they recalled a list of unrelated words over trials. Results did not indicate impaired everyday memory, but impaired verbal LTM, in people with DS relative to people with mixed ID. Furthermore, the laboratory verbal LTM task predicted everyday memory for both groups after taking into account mental age equivalent. Our research showed both an independence and a connection between everyday memory and the standard laboratory memory task and has important research and clinical implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Everyday Memory in People with Down Syndrome

et al. 2021

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“…Considerable risk of communication and language disorder has been observed in previous research with this group of children [10,11]. Variables that may be associated with language disorder in this group of children include varying extents of hearing loss, including repeated "otitis media with effusion" [12][13][14]; oral and palate conditions [15,16], including differences in the craniofacial structures and shape of the palate and hypotonic oral musculature [17]; and reduced cognitive functioning [18], including impaired auditory short-term memory [19,20]. The language profiles of children with Down syndrome commonly show a relative gap in expressive versus receptive language skills, favouring the receptive domain (c.f.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Association between Difficulties with Speech Fluency and Language Skills in a National Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome

et al. 2021

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The present study (a) addressed difficulties in speech fluency in children with Down syndrome and typically developing children at a similar non-verbal level and (b) examined the association between difficulties with speech fluency and language skills in children with Down syndrome. Data from a cross-sectional parent survey that included questions about children’s difficulties with speech fluency, as well as clinical tests from a national age cohort of 43 six-year-olds with Down syndrome and 57 young typically developing children, were collected. Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, linear regression, and density ellipse scatter plots were used for analysis. There was a significantly higher occurrence of parent-reported difficulties with speech fluency in the children with Down syndrome. Higher language scores were significantly associated with a lower degree of difficulties; this association was strongest for vocabulary and phonological skills. Although difficulties with speech fluency were not reported for all children with Down syndrome, a substantially higher occurrence of such difficulties was reported compared to that for typically developing children. The significant association between difficulties with speech fluency and the level of language functioning suggests that speech fluency and language skills should be taken into consideration when planning treatment for children with Down syndrome.

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“…On the one hand, boosting their cognitive reserve is vital. This may be achieved through interventions in their school and work environments and could help to reduce the cognitive decline associated with dementia [48,49]. In light of the importance of executive function to adaptive outcomes and their co-occurrence with memory and other cognitive deficits, we aimed to identify cognitive factors that predict inhibition capacity in adults with DS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning in Adults with Down Syndrome: Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Inhibitory Capacity

Jojoa

Signo-Miguel

Garcia-Zapirain

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The study of executive function decline in adults with Down syndrome (DS) is important, because it supports independent functioning in real-world settings. Inhibitory control is posited to be essential for self-regulation and adaptation to daily life activities. However, cognitive domains that most predict the capacity for inhibition in adults with DS have not been identified. The aim of this study was to identify cognitive domains that predict the capacity for inhibition, using novel data-driven techniques in a sample of adults with DS (n = 188; 49.47% men; 33.6 ± 8.8 years old), with low and moderate levels of intellectual disability. Neuropsychological tests, including assessment of memory, attention, language, executive functions, and praxis, were submitted to Random Forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression algorithms for the purpose of predicting inhibition capacity, assessed with the Cats-and-Dogs test. Convergent results from the three algorithms show that the best predictors for inhibition capacity were constructive praxis, verbal memory, immediate memory, planning, and written verbal comprehension. These results suggest the minimum set of neuropsychological assessments and potential intervention targets for individuals with DS and ID, which may optimize potential for independent living.

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Executive function in Down syndrome: A meta-analysis

Cited by 59 publications

References 114 publications

Everyday Memory in People with Down Syndrome

Everyday Memory in People with Down Syndrome

The Association between Difficulties with Speech Fluency and Language Skills in a National Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome

Executive Functioning in Adults with Down Syndrome: Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Inhibitory Capacity

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