Executive Functioning and Intelligence

Duggan, Emily C.; Garcia‐Barrera, Mauricio A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1562-0_27

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Various studies examined how different EFs are interrelated and how they are related to both g and Gf. In particular, the construct of EF was found to be closely related to established cognitive abilities of Gf and processing speed (Arffa 2007;Floyd et al 2010;Godoy et al 2014;Salthouse 2005;Salthouse et al 1998;Salthouse & Davis 2006;Salthouse & Pink 2008), and especially WM seems to be closely related to Gf (Arffa 2007;Carpenter et al 1990;Chuderski 2013;Diamond 2013;Duggan & Garcia-Barrera 2015;Duncan et al 2012;Floyd et al 2010;Godoy et al 2014;Friedman et al 2006;Miyake et al 2001;Redick et al 2012;Salthouse 2005;Salthouse et al 2003;Salthouse et al 1998;Salthouse & Pink 2008;Schneider & Mcgrew 2012;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Inhibition, shifting and updating in relation to psychometric intelligence across ability groups in the psychiatric population

Biesmans

Aken

Frunt³

et al. 2018

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background Assessment of intelligence and executive function (EF) is common in complex neuropsychiatric practice. Although previous studies have shown that EF and intelligence are related, it is unknown whether these constructs relate to one another in a similar manner across different ability groups (mild intellectual disability, borderline intellectual disability and normal/high intelligence). This study therefore examines the relation between three EFs (inhibition, shifting and updating) and intelligence in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample. It is hypothesised that the strength of the relation between intelligence and the three EFs decreases when the level of intelligence increases, in accordance with Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns. Methods In a cross‐sectional, between and within subject design, one of the three intelligence tests (Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – third and fourth editions) and several EF tests (Stroop Colour–Word Test, Trail Making Test and Spatial Working Memory task) were administered to 250 neuropsychiatric inpatients and outpatients (Mage = 39.8, standard deviation = 14.3, 52.8% male). Based upon their full‐scale IQ score, patients were divided into three ability groups (mild intellectual disability, borderline intellectual disability or normal/high intelligence). The relation between EF and intelligence was assessed through analyses of the correlation pattern; groups were compared using analysis of covariance. Results Analyses showed significant correlations between the constructs of EF and intelligence. A significant interaction effect was found for shifting, with highest correlations in the normal to high intelligence group, but not for inhibition and updating. Conclusions Results support a specific role for shifting in this EF–intelligence relation. The correlational pattern of updating and intelligence, as well as the differential relation of shifting and intelligence across ability groups, suggests that EF tasks may not measure distinct EFs in lower intellectual ability but rely on cognitive primitives such as processing speed. EF tasks can be considered less valid indicators of EF ability. Implications in terms of the need for development of specific tasks to measure cognition in low intellectual ability are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…; Salthouse & Davis ; Salthouse & Pink ), and especially WM seems to be closely related to Gf (Arffa ; Carpenter et al . ; Chuderski ; Diamond ; Duggan & Garcia‐Barrera ; Duncan et al . ; Floyd et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition, shifting and updating in relation to psychometric intelligence across ability groups in the psychiatric population

Biesmans

Aken

Frunt³

et al. 2018

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…While some of these behaviors are apparent constructs of what we call intelligence (for a detailed definition see Duggan and Garcia-Barrera, 2015), there is still inconsistent evidence for the relation of EF and the latter (Arffa, 2007). For example, it has been demonstrated that working memory processes have a strong correlation with psychometric measures of intelligence, whereas inhibition and attention-shifting displayed weak correlations with intelligence (Friedman et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Parenting Behavior and Executive Functioning in Children and Young Adolescents

Sosic-Vasic¹,

Kröner²,

Schneider

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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Executive functioning (EF) is associated with various aspects of school achievement and cognitive development in children and adolescents. There has been substantial research investigating associations between EF and other factors in young children, such as support processes and parenting, but less research has been conducted about external factors relating to EF in older children and adolescents. Therefore, the present study investigates one possible factor that could correlate with EF in school-age children and adolescents: parenting behavior. The cross-sectional study design gathered data from 169 children in primary schools, middle-schools, and Gymnasien, and their corresponding parents. All children underwent a standardized task to measure EF, the computer-based Erikson Flanker task, which evaluates EF as a function of error rates and response time. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess parenting behavior. Multilevel analysis was implemented to test the effects of parenting behavior on EF in school-age children. The results show significant associations between various parenting behaviors and children's EF: High scores on parental involvement or parental responsibility are associated with low error rates on the Erikson Flanker task, whereas high parental scores on inconsistent discipline are associated with high error rates. These correlations between parenting behavior and EF remained significant despite controlling for child age, maternal education, family income, and baseline performance (i.e., congruent trials on the Erikson Flanker task). No associations were found between parental behavior and reaction time on the Erikson Flanker task. These results indicate the important association between parenting behaviors and EF skills in school-age children, and foster the necessity to inform parents about ways in which they can optimally support their children's cognitive development.

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“…Some studies have found that the performance of tasks engaging executive attention processing and higher-level EFs are highly correlated with measures of general intelligence (Brydges et al, 2012; Duggan and Garcia-Barrera, 2015) and exhibit overlapping patterns of activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Duncan and Owen, 2000; Duncan et al, 2000). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the SLC6A3-DAT1 Gene on Multifaceted Measures of Self-regulation in Preschool Children

et al. 2017

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Development of self-regulation, the capacity to voluntarily modulate thoughts, emotions and actions is strongly related to the maturation of the dopamine-mediated executive attention network (EAN). The attention control processes associated with the EAN greatly overlap with efficiency of the executive functions and are correlated with measures of effortful control. Regulation of dopamine levels within the EAN, particularly in the basal ganglia is carried out by the action of dopamine transporters. In humans, the SLC6A3/DAT1 gene carries out the synthesis of the DAT protein. The 10-repeat allele has been associated with an enhanced expression of the gene and has been related to ADHD symptoms. Little is known about the impact of DAT1 variations on children's capacity to self-regulate in contexts that impose particular demands of regulatory control such as the school or home. This study defines a multi-domain phenotype of self-regulation and examines whether variations of the DAT1 gene accounts for individual differences in performance in 4–5 year old children. Results show that presence of the 10r allele is related to a diminished ability to exert voluntary regulation of reactivity. These findings shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in self-regulation during childhood.

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Executive Functioning and Intelligence

Cited by 32 publications

References 161 publications

Inhibition, shifting and updating in relation to psychometric intelligence across ability groups in the psychiatric population

Inhibition, shifting and updating in relation to psychometric intelligence across ability groups in the psychiatric population

The Association between Parenting Behavior and Executive Functioning in Children and Young Adolescents

Influence of the SLC6A3-DAT1 Gene on Multifaceted Measures of Self-regulation in Preschool Children

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