Executive Functioning as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Premorbid Verbal Intelligence and Health Risk Behaviors in a Rural-Dwelling Cohort: A Project FRONTIER Study

Menon, Chloe V.; Jahn, Danielle R.; Mauer, Cortney B.; O’Bryant, Sid

doi:10.1093/arclin/acs102

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For example, the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF; Pearson Assessment, 2009) was designed in conjunction with, and validated against, the WAIS-IV (Wechsler, 2008). Our use of the AMNART for the present study was driven by the fact that we had access to individual item responses on the AMNART from a large sample of older adults (Menon et al, 2013). This allowed us to use IRT techniques to simulate individual item responses as part of our larger simulation procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"True" pIQ scores were converted to observed pIQ scores using item response theory (IRT)-based simulation procedures (Chalmers, 2012). The IRT parameters used in this conversion were based on item-level data for the American National Adult Reading Test (AMNART; Grober & Sliwinski, 1991) obtained from an older adult (age range: 40-96 years; M Age = 62.70 ± 12.25) sample (Menon et al, 2013). See the Supplemental Materials for more details about the AMNART item parameters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When is it appropriate to infer cognitive impairment on the basis of premorbid IQ estimates? A simulation study.

Gavett¹,

Ashendorf²,

O’Bryant³

2022

Psychological Assessment

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Whether an individual meets psychometric criteria for cognitive impairment is dictated by the comparison criterion, which is typically either a normative mean or a known or estimated previous level of ability. This study investigated the conditions under which adjusting normative expectations based on estimated premorbid intelligence would be appropriate. A simulated data set was derived and several parameters were systematically varied: the correlation between premorbid intelligence and the cognitive test score, the cutoff used to classify a score as "normal" or "abnormal", and the population base rate of cognitive impairment. Simulation results demonstrated that the correlation between premorbid intelligence and the cognitive score was the only parameter to substantially influence the trade-off between the two normative approaches, with correlations above ρ = .35 signifying greater advantage to adjusting normative expectations by premorbid intelligence. These findings inform common neuropsychological practices regarding the application of premorbid intelligence estimates to the detection of cognitive impairment. Public Significance StatementThis simulation study examined the factors that affect the relative value of a normative mean versus estimated premorbid intelligence as the most appropriate comparison criterion for the detection of cognitive impairment. Findings revealed that the correlation between premorbid intelligence and the test score of interest is the most relevant factor, with higher correlations rendering premorbid intelligence the more appropriate criterion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When is it appropriate to infer cognitive impairment on the basis of premorbid IQ estimates? A simulation study.

Gavett¹,

Ashendorf²,

O’Bryant³

2022

Psychological Assessment

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“…EF contributes to dietary (Allan et al, 2010, 2011) and exercise (Hall et al, 2008) adherence, maintaining healthy weight (Menon et al, 2013), antiretroviral therapy adherence (Avants et al, 2001; Solomon and Halkitis, 2008), and non-smoking status (Brega et al, 2008; Menon et al, 2013; Moss et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function fails to predict smoking outcomes in a clinical trial to motivate smokers to quit

Fox

Martin

Bruce

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Executive function (EF) is considered an important mediator of health outcomes. It is hypothesized that those with better EF are more likely to succeed in turning their intentions into actual health behaviors. Prior studies indicate EF is associated with smoking cessation. Experimental and longitudinal studies, however, have yielded mixed results. Few studies have examined whether EF predicts post-treatment smoking behavior. Fewer still have done so prospectively in a large trial. We sought to determine if EF predicts quit attempts and cessation among community smokers in a large randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of motivational interventions for encouraging cessation. Methods Participants (N=255) completed a baseline assessment that included a cognitive battery to assess EF (Oral Trail Making Test B, Stroop, Controlled Oral Word Association Test). Participants were then randomized to 4 sessions of Motivational Interviewing or Health Education or one session of Brief Advice to quit. Quit attempts and cessation were assessed at weeks 12 and 26. Results In regression analyses, none of the EF measures were statistically significant predictors of quit attempts or cessation (all ps > 0.20). Conclusions Our data did not support models of health behavior that emphasize EF as a mediator of health outcomes. Methodological shortcomings weaken the existing support for an association between EF and smoking behavior. We suggest methodological improvements that could help move this potentially important area of research forward.

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“…namely that EF acts as a mediator in the relationship between premorbid intelligence and certain health risk behaviours. Understanding the relationship between these variables is important when making health recommendations that will improve patients' adherence to healthy behaviours (Menon, Jahn, Mauer, & O'Bryant, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Executive Functioning in a Portuguese Sample of Candidates for Bariatric Surgery

Ribeiro¹,

Grencho²,

Carmo³

et al. 2015

Psychol. Community Health

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AimThe prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing and is a major worldwide public health problem. It is associated with multiple medical and psychological conditions and recent research supports a link to several cognitive deficit domains, including executive functioning. The aim of this article is to describe socio-demographic, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of a sample of candidates for bariatric surgery (BS) and to compare their performance with normative values.MethodBetween May 2012 and May 2013 we evaluated the neuropsychological performance of 42 patient candidates for BS at the Morbid Obesity Consultation at Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN).ResultsThe population was predominantly female and education was equally distributed between basic, secondary and tertiary levels. The neuropsychological results showed a significant decrease on Recall (p < .01), Learning (p < .10), Nonverbal Memory (p < .001), Cognitive Flexibility (p < .01) and Resistance to Interference (p < .05).ConclusionDespite the limitations inherent to a small sample, the results obtained in the Portuguese population coincide with those of earlier studies; namely that obesity differentially effects instrumental functions.

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Executive Functioning as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Premorbid Verbal Intelligence and Health Risk Behaviors in a Rural-Dwelling Cohort: A Project FRONTIER Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

When is it appropriate to infer cognitive impairment on the basis of premorbid IQ estimates? A simulation study.

When is it appropriate to infer cognitive impairment on the basis of premorbid IQ estimates? A simulation study.

Executive function fails to predict smoking outcomes in a clinical trial to motivate smokers to quit

Characterization of Executive Functioning in a Portuguese Sample of Candidates for Bariatric Surgery

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