Executive functioning in antisocial behavior: A multi-level systematic meta-analysis

Jansen, Jochem Milan; Franse, Melanie Elisabeth

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102408

Clinical Psychology Review

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102408

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Executive functioning in antisocial behavior: A multi-level systematic meta-analysis

Jochem Milan Jansen,

Melanie Elisabeth Franse

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thus, our understanding of antisocial behavior may improve by including cognitive variables within assessment and treatment in ways that are not reductionistic (Jurjako et al, 2020). It is well-established that delinquent behavior correlates with (social-)cognitive dysfunction, especially in the executive control domain (Burgess, 2020; Cruz et al, 2020; Ogilvie et al, 2011; Janes et al, 2024; Jansen & Franse, 2024). Measures of executive functions (EF) form a collection of such variables that have been linked to antisocial behavior (e.g., Friedman et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, previous research has shown that some forensic psychiatric patients may suffer from deficits in attention/concentration, working memory, or abstract reasoning (Morgan & Lilienfeld, 2000; Ogilvie et al, 2011; Portnoy et al, 2013; Shumlich et al, 2019). Weaknesses in these cognitive domains have robust positive associations with aggressive and criminal behavior (Morgan & Lilienfeld, 2000; Ogilvie et al, 2011; Portnoy et al, 2013; Janes et al, 2024; Jansen & Franse, 2024). Similar results have been obtained in forensic (psychiatric) inpatient populations as well (Molleman, Driessen, et al, 2022; Molleman, Molleman, et al, 2022; Shumlich et al, 2019).…”

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Charting cognitive characteristics in forensic psychiatric outpatients.

Molleman,

Smeekens,

Sappelli

et al. 2024

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Objective: Patients receiving ambulatory forensic care often present with cognitive dysfunction. Accommodating this in treatment first requires a better understanding of patients’ cognitive characteristics. Therefore, we investigated whether forensic psychiatric outpatients differed from healthy controls in their performance on a cognitive screen, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Furthermore, we examined which of its subtests were relatively more affected in forensic psychiatric patients who performed above the cut-off score (i.e., low-probability group) relative to those that performed below the cut-off score (i.e., high-probability group) on the MoCA. Method: MoCA scores were extracted from a pre-existing data set for 112 forensic psychiatric outpatients and 210 healthy controls, and group comparisons were conducted. Results: Forensic outpatients had significantly lower performance on the subtests targeting executive functioning, attention, concentration, working memory, and orientation compared to cognitively unimpaired controls. Within the forensic group, the patients with a higher probability of exhibiting cognitive decrements performed relatively worse in all neurocognitive domains. Conclusions: The results suggest that, in particular, the cognitive domains of executive functioning, attention, memory, and orientation should be routinely assessed as part of neuropsychological testing in forensic psychiatric settings. Our study offers a step toward the use of neuropsychological measurements in the refinement of diagnosis and treatment in forensic psychiatry.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Charting cognitive characteristics in forensic psychiatric outpatients.

Molleman,

Smeekens,

Sappelli

et al. 2024

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Neuro-cognitive systems that, when dysfunctional, increase aggression risk and the potential for translation into clinical tools

Blair

2024

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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Executive functions in psychopathy: a meta-analysis of inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory performance

Burghart,

Schmidt,

Mier

2024

Psychol. Med.

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Much research has focused on executive function (EF) impairments in psychopathy, a severe personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy, antisocial behavior, and a disregard for social norms and moral values. However, it is still unclear to what extent EF deficits are present across psychopathy factors and, more importantly, which EF domains are impaired. The current meta-analysis answers these questions by synthesizing the results of 50 studies involving 5,694 participants from 12 different countries. Using multilevel random-effects models, we pooled effect sizes (Cohen's d) for five different EF domains: overall EF, inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory. Moreover, differences between psychopathy factors were evaluated. Our analyses revealed small deficits in overall EF, inhibition, and planning performance. However, a closer inspection of psychopathy factors indicated that EF deficits were specific to lifestyle/antisocial traits, such as disinhibition. Conversely, interpersonal/affective traits, such as boldness, showed no deficits and in some cases even improved EF performance. These findings suggest that EF deficits are not a key feature of psychopathy per se, but rather are related to antisociality and disinhibitory traits. Potential brain correlates of these findings as well as implications for future research and treatment are discussed.

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Executive functioning in antisocial behavior: A multi-level systematic meta-analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 157 publications

Charting cognitive characteristics in forensic psychiatric outpatients.

Charting cognitive characteristics in forensic psychiatric outpatients.

Neuro-cognitive systems that, when dysfunctional, increase aggression risk and the potential for translation into clinical tools

Executive functions in psychopathy: a meta-analysis of inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory performance

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