Executive functioning in children with specific language impairment

Henry, Lucy A.; Messer, David; Nash, Gilly

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02430.x

Cited by 324 publications

(394 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Mirman & Britt [22] note that post-stroke performance on certain EF tests correlates with impairments on lexical-semantic tasks such as picture naming, word-to-picture matching and picture-picture matching (see also [59]). In a similar vein, EF deficits have been reported in children with specific language impairment [60,61].…”

Section: (E) Executive Functions: Attention and Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 72%

When words fail us: insights into language processing from developmental and acquired disorders

Bishop

Nation

Patterson

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Acquired disorders of language represent loss of previously acquired skills, usually with relatively specific impairments. In children with developmental disorders of language, we may also see selective impairment in some skills; but in this case, the acquisition of language or literacy is affected from the outset. Because systems for processing spoken and written language change as they develop, we should beware of drawing too close a parallel between developmental and acquired disorders. Nevertheless, comparisons between the two may yield new insights. A key feature of connectionist models simulating acquired disorders is the interaction of components of language processing with each other and with other cognitive domains. This kind of model might help make sense of patterns of comorbidity in developmental disorders. Meanwhile, the study of developmental disorders emphasizes learning and change in underlying representations, allowing us to study how heterogeneity in cognitive profile may relate not just to neurobiology but also to experience. Children with persistent language difficulties pose challenges both to our efforts at intervention and to theories of learning of written and spoken language. Future attention to learning in individuals with developmental and acquired disorders could be of both theoretical and applied value.

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Section: (E) Executive Functions: Attention and Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 72%

When words fail us: insights into language processing from developmental and acquired disorders

Bishop

Nation

Patterson

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…This should be done not only for normal adult language performance, as assessed in the present study, but also for impaired language performance. Recent research suggests that inhibition is often deficient in individuals with specific language impairment (e.g., Henry et al, 2012;Im-Bolter et al, 2006;Seiger-Gardner & Schwartz, 2008;Spaulding, 2010). However, it is not clear which type of inhibition is affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, there is evidence that inhibition deficits contribute to the impaired word production of children with developmental language disorders, such as specific language impairment (e.g., Henry, Messer, & Nash, 2012;Im-Bolter, Johnson, & Pascual-Leone, 2006;SeigerGardner & Schwartz, 2008;Spaulding, 2010). In sum, there is some evidence that inhibition may contribute to the efficiency of word production.…”

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confidence: 99%

Selective and nonselective inhibition of competitors in picture naming

2013

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The present study examined the relation between nonselective inhibition and selective inhibition in picture naming performance. Nonselective inhibition refers to the ability to suppress any unwanted response, whereas selective inhibition refers to the ability to suppress specific competing responses. The degree of competition in picture naming was manipulated by presenting targets along with distractor words that could be semantically related (e.g., a picture of a dog combined with the word cat) or unrelated (tree) to the picture name. The mean naming response time (RT) was longer in the related than in the unrelated condition, reflecting semantic interference. Delta plot analyses showed that participants with small mean semantic interference effects employed selective inhibition more effectively than did participants with larger semantic interference effects. The participants were also tested on the stop-signal task, which taps nonselective inhibition. Their performance on this task was correlated with their mean naming RT but, importantly, not with the selective inhibition indexed by the delta plot analyses and the magnitude of the semantic interference effect. These results indicate that nonselective inhibition ability and selective inhibition of competitors in picture naming are separable to some extent.Keywords Delta plot . Lexical access . Nonselective inhibition . Picture-word interference . Selective inhibition A key component of the human ability to speak is the retrieval of words from the mental lexicon. This process, called lexical access, has been widely studied using a range of different paradigms, including analyses of speech errors in healthy and brain-damaged speakers (e.g

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“…For example, bilingual speakers have been shown to use inhibition to suppress a non-target language (e.g., De Bruin et al, 2014;Guo et al, 2011;Misra et al, 2012;Jackson et al, 2001;Roelofs et al, 2011;Verhoef et al, 2009). There is also evidence suggesting that inhibition deficits contribute to the impaired speech production of children with specific language impairment (SLI; e.g., Henry et al, 2012;Im-Bolter et al, 2006;Seiger-Gardner and Schwartz, 2008;Spaulding, 2010). Moreover, several recent neuroimaging studies by de Zubicaray et al have been taken to point towards the engagement of inhibition in object naming in monolingual adults (e.g., de Zubicaray et al, 2001de Zubicaray et al, , 2002de Zubicaray et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological evidence that inhibition supports lexical selection in picture naming

et al. 2014

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Inhibition N2Picture naming a b s t r a c tWe investigated the neural basis of inhibitory control during lexical selection. Participants overtly named pictures while response times (RTs) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The difficulty of lexical selection was manipulated by using object and action pictures with high name agreement (few response candidates) versus low name agreement (many response candidates). To assess the involvement of inhibition, we conducted delta plot analyses of naming RTs and examined the N2 component of the ERP. We found longer mean naming RTs and a larger N2 amplitude in the low relative to the high name agreement condition. For action naming we found a negative correlation between the slopes of the slowest delta segment and the difference in N2 amplitude between the low and high name agreement conditions. The converging behavioral and electrophysiological evidence suggests that selective inhibition is engaged to reduce competition during lexical selection in picture naming.

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Executive functioning in children with specific language impairment

Abstract: This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent

Cited by 324 publications

References 41 publications

When words fail us: insights into language processing from developmental and acquired disorders

When words fail us: insights into language processing from developmental and acquired disorders

Selective and nonselective inhibition of competitors in picture naming

Electrophysiological evidence that inhibition supports lexical selection in picture naming

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