Executive functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients and their unaffected siblings: A ten-year follow-up study

Sánchez‐Torres, Ana M.; Basterra, Virginia; Moreno-Izco, Lucía; Rosa, Araceli; Fañanás, Lourdes; Zarzuela, Amalia; Peralta, Víctor; Cuesta, Manuel J.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.11.026

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This longitudinal stability is in agreement with previous studies showing that executive impairments are stable over time. For instance, Sanchez-Torres and colleagues 57 found that TMT scores were stable for 10 years in 85% of patients. Additionally, adding the PANSS total score as a cofounding covariate in our statistical analyses did not change our findings, suggesting that the influence of symptoms ("state"), if any, on cognitive control is minimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control deficit in patients with first-episode schizophrenia is associated with complex deviations of early brain development

Plaze

Oppenheim

Gaillard

et al. 2017

JPN

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control deficit in patients with first-episode schizophrenia is associated with complex deviations of early brain development

Plaze

Oppenheim

Gaillard

et al. 2017

JPN

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“…Both in clinical practice and research with this patient group, many different tests are used as measures of frontal dysfunction. Deficits in the WCST (e.g., Egan et al, 2011; Banno et al, 2012; Sánchez-Torres et al, 2013), Verbal Fluency (e.g., Liddle and Morris, 1991; Frith et al, 1992; Cochrane et al, 2012), and TMTB (e.g., Chan et al, 2006; Erol et al, 2012; Sánchez-Torres et al, 2013) have been consistently reported. Impairments in such tasks are often interpreted with close reference to specific test content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In parallel to this factor analytic work, neuropsychological studies of schizophrenia show deficits in a range of executive tests, including the WCST, multitasking and tests of social cognition (e.g., Liddle and Morris, 1991; Frith et al, 1992; Thoma and Daum, 2005; Thoma et al, 2007; Kim et al, 2009; Egan et al, 2011; Banno et al, 2012; Cochrane et al, 2012; Erol et al, 2012; Baez et al, 2013; Fond et al, 2013; Sánchez-Torres et al, 2013). Again there is evidence for some link to fluid intelligence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between executive functions and fluid intelligence in schizophrenia

Roca

Manes

Cetkovich

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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An enduring question is unity vs. separability of executive deficits resulting from impaired frontal lobe function. In previous studies, we have asked how executive deficits link to a conventional measure of fluid intelligence, obtained either by standard tests of novel problem-solving, or by averaging performance in a battery of novel tasks. For some classical executive tasks, such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Verbal Fluency, and Trail Making Test B (TMTB), frontal deficits are entirely explained by fluid intelligence. However, on a second set of executive tasks, including tests of multitasking and decision making, deficits exceed those predicted by fluid intelligence loss. In this paper we discuss how these results shed light on the diverse clinical phenomenology observed in frontal dysfunction, and present new data on a group of 15 schizophrenic patients and 14 controls. Subjects were assessed with a range of executive tests and with a general cognitive battery used to derive a measure of fluid intelligence. Group performance was compared and fluid intelligence was introduced as a covariate. In line with our previous results, significant patient-control differences in classical executive tests were removed when fluid intelligence was introduced as a covariate. However, for tests of multitasking and decision making, deficits remained. We relate our findings to those of previous factor analytic studies describing a single principal component, which accounts for much of the variance of schizophrenic patients' cognitive performance. We propose that this general factor reflects low fluid intelligence capacity, which accounts for much but not all cognitive impairment in this patient group. Partialling out the general effects of fluid intelligence, we propose, may clarify the role of additional, more specific cognitive impairments in conditions such as schizophrenia.

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“…However, usage of clinical symptoms in these studies has been criticized for temporal instability and lack of neurobiological correlates ( 4 , 19 , 20 ). Cognitive measures in contrast may be more stable ( 4 , 21 – 24 ) but are not the determining characteristics of the disorder. Most of the above studies first perform factor analysis on clinical or cognitive symptoms to decipher subtypes and then do VBM analysis on sMRI data having obtained the subtype grouping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biclustered Independent Component Analysis for Complex Biomarker and Subtype Identification from Structural Magnetic Resonance Images in Schizophrenia

et al. 2017

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Clinical and cognitive symptoms domain-based subtyping in schizophrenia (Sz) has been critiqued due to the lack of neurobiological correlates and heterogeneity in symptom scores. We, therefore, present a novel data-driven framework using biclustered independent component analysis to detect subtypes from the reliable and stable gray matter concentration (GMC) of patients with Sz. The developed methodology consists of the following steps: source-based morphometry (SBM) decomposition, selection and sorting of two component loadings, subtype component reconstruction using group information-guided ICA (GIG-ICA). This framework was applied to the top two group discriminative components namely the insula/superior temporal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus (I-STG-IFG component) and the superior frontal gyrus/middle frontal gyrus/medial frontal gyrus (SFG-MiFG-MFG component) from our previous SBM study, which showed diagnostic group difference and had the highest effect sizes. The aggregated multisite dataset consisted of 382 patients with Sz regressed of age, gender, and site voxelwise. We observed two subtypes (i.e., two different subsets of subjects) each heavily weighted on these two components, respectively. These subsets of subjects were characterized by significant differences in positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) positive clinical symptoms (p = 0.005). We also observed an overlapping subtype weighing heavily on both of these components. The PANSS general clinical symptom of this subtype was trend level correlated with the loading coefficients of the SFG-MiFG-MFG component (r = 0.25; p = 0.07). The reconstructed subtype-specific component using GIG-ICA showed variations in voxel regions, when compared to the group component. We observed deviations from mean GMC along with conjunction of features from two components characterizing each deciphered subtype. These inherent variations in GMC among patients with Sz could possibly indicate the need for personalized treatment and targeted drug development.

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Executive functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients and their unaffected siblings: A ten-year follow-up study

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Cognitive control deficit in patients with first-episode schizophrenia is associated with complex deviations of early brain development

Cognitive control deficit in patients with first-episode schizophrenia is associated with complex deviations of early brain development

The relationship between executive functions and fluid intelligence in schizophrenia

Biclustered Independent Component Analysis for Complex Biomarker and Subtype Identification from Structural Magnetic Resonance Images in Schizophrenia

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