Executive functions and intelligent goal-directed behavior: A neuropsychological approach to understanding success using professional sales as a real-life measure.

Pluck, Graham; Crespo-Andrade, Cristina; Parreño, Patricia; Haro, Karla I.; Martínez, María A.; Pontón, Sarahí C.

doi:10.1037/pne0000195

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Ecological tasks, such as the Hotel Task (Pluck et al, 2020) and EcoKitchen (Júlio et al, 2019), were found even less frequently. In general, ecological tasks simulate everyday activities, with the patient’s behavior being observed during their performance in a standardized/controlled environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions beyond the “Holy Trinity”: A scoping review.

Dias,

Helsdingen,

Lins

et al. 2024

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Executive functions (EFs) are a multifaceted construct, important for several outcomes throughout life. The most commonly addressed executive components are inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. To map how other executive components are addressed conceptually and methodologically in the literature, a scoping review was carried out. Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used. The database search (2017-2022) was carried out on the APA PsycInfo, Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO databases. A total of 3,473 articles were identified; 1,302 remained after screening. Given the large number of articles, a sample calculation was performed (95% CI and 5% error), with 297 articles randomly selected for full-text reading and 242 studies included for analysis. Results: There was a predominance of health application studies in adults and older adults and in developed countries. There is relative conceptual consensus that EF are a multidimensional construct; however, there is no explicit identification of the theoretical model used in the studies. A diversity of EF was evidenced, which broadens the understanding of the construct, its assessment, and intervention targets. Furthermore, there was a variety of instruments used to assess these skills, with a predominance of performance tests, often with construct-instrument ambivalence between studies. Conclusions: The mapping showed a diversity of skills referred to as EF in addition to the core components and identified the instruments used in their assessment. Greater conceptual and structural clarity and greater methodological care are fundamental to support the assessment of EF and their intervention. Key PointsQuestion: This review involved the mapping of studies and definitions of executive functions, followed by an analysis of how the "noncore" components are conceptually and methodologically addressed in the literature. Findings: Despite some consensus on the definition of executive functions, there is little clarity regarding the models used, a wide diversity of components, and many instruments employed for their assessment. Importance: Executive functions are not limited to the three commonly investigated core components; the findings support the delimitation of components and the selection of instruments and highlight inconsistencies and research requirements in the area. Next Steps: It is necessary to encourage research in developing countries, greater care in the definition of the construct, and explicit delimitation of the theoretical model, while also solving conceptual (which skills are "executive"?) and operational (lack of standardization and arbitrariness in the choice of measures) challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions beyond the “Holy Trinity”: A scoping review.

Dias,

Helsdingen,

Lins

et al. 2024

Neuropsychology

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“…We used the same grading criteria. However, we substituted the eight English proverbs for eight Spanish proverbs that we have used in similar research previously (Pluck et al, 2020). The potential score range was from 0 to 32, higher scores indicating better performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of premorbid intelligence and executive cognitive functions with lexical reading tasks.

Pluck¹,

Ruales-Chieruzzi²

2021

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Objective: Estimation of premorbid function is essential to accurate identification of cognitive impairments. We explored how lexical tasks can be used to estimate various cognitive functions. Method: Adults with cognitive impairment due to neurological illness (n = 15) and a nonclinical sample of adults (n = 143) completed tests of word pronunciation, lexical decision, and stem-completion naming. In three studies lexical-task performance associations with intelligence Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 4th edition (WAIS-IV), episodic memory, executive functioning, and theory of mind were explored. Results: At the group level, word pronunciation was robust in the presence of cognitive impairment. However, as a case series, patients showed idiosyncratic patterns of preservation of lexical skills. All of the lexical tasks were highly correlated with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the nonclinical sample, suggesting that they may function well as estimators of premorbid intelligence. Simulated impairments in nonclinical adults revealed that the median score from the three different tasks had the highest correlation with, and provided the most accurate and precise estimates of, measured IQ, and was also the least sensitive to impairment. We also show that these methods predict executive functions, in particular, proverb interpretation, phonemic/semantic alternating verbal fluency, and working memory span performance. Conclusions: Several lexical tasks are potentially useful in predication of preillness cognitive ability. However, due to the heterogeneity of impairments between patients, estimation of premorbid levels could be improved by the use of average estimated values from multiple tests. This could potentially improve diagnostic accuracy and quantification of neuropsychological impairments. Public Significance StatementUnderstanding a patient's cognitive impairments following brain illness is better if their abilities before the illness can be estimated. Reading that requires preexisting knowledge of the words, such as how to pronounce them, can be used for this purpose. Word pronunciation, particularly when combined with other tests of word knowledge, appears to be not much affected by cognitive impairment and gives a good indication of a patient's preillness ability.

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“…A su vez, con apoyo de Aronsson (2020 citado en Arias y Batista, 2021), es posible declarar que la acción de conectar la diplomacia científica con las neurociencias, se constituye en un deseo de la sociedad contemporánea, debido a la necesidad imperante de que la diplomacia se fundamente aún más en la evidencia. Según Casaletto y Heaton (2017); Pluck, et al (2020) la sociedad actual demanda la resolución de problemas por pandemias desde un enfoque sistémico, a partir de los aportes de distintas disciplinas (ver Figura IV), por ello, se De la literatura analizada, distintos autores declaran que una gran cantidad de neurólogos, psicólogos y diplomáticos señalan la importancia de construir una ruta que conecte la diplomacia científica con las neurociencias; además enfatizan en que esta relación irá en aumento gracias a los descubrimientos en el campo de las neurociencias (Suyadi, 2019;Jiménez-Pérez et al, 2019citado en Arias y Batista, 2021. De ahí que Betts et al (2019 citado en Arias y Batista, 2021), manifiestan que tanto la mente (psicología), como el cerebro (neurociencia) y la cooperación (diplomacia) ofrecen una comprensión de prácticas que apoyan la negociación y la integración con base en evidencias.…”

Section: Entradaunclassified

Diplomacia científica aplicada a las neurociencias: Una vía para el desarrollo de la política exterior

Encalada¹

2023

VIGEREN

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Partiendo de una introducción de la ciencia, el objetivo del artículo fue contribuir al fortalecimiento de la diplomacia científica ecuatoriana con apoyo de las neurociencias, centrando la atención en la independencia de la política exterior mediante el uso de la ciencia para la diplomacia, diplomacia para la ciencia y ciencia en diplomacia. Como método se aplicó el enfoque cualitativo no experimental y su técnica de análisis correspondiente. También, el método dialéctico debido que permitió esclarecer el origen de las limitaciones y las contradicciones de los fenómenos. En esta contribución se pudo observar que la cooperación y la integración de la diplomacia científica y las neurociencias constituyen una visión reactiva, cautelosa y defensora de los avances alcanzados, permitiendo a los diplomáticos y tomadores de decisiones entender el proceso de negociación en dependencia a los aportes de las neurociencias, las relaciones internacionales y de la política exterior. Se puede concluir que la articulación de las neurociencias hacia la diplomacia científica es capaz de ayudar a comprender los sistemas de interacción entre cerebro humano y tecnología.

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Executive functions and intelligent goal-directed behavior: A neuropsychological approach to understanding success using professional sales as a real-life measure.

Cited by 12 publications

References 80 publications

Executive functions beyond the “Holy Trinity”: A scoping review.

Executive functions beyond the “Holy Trinity”: A scoping review.

Estimation of premorbid intelligence and executive cognitive functions with lexical reading tasks.

Diplomacia científica aplicada a las neurociencias: Una vía para el desarrollo de la política exterior

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