Executive functions as a potential neurocognitive endophenotype in anxiety disorders: A systematic review considering DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria classification

Müller, Juliana de Lima; Torquato, Kamilla Irigaray; Manfro, Gisele Gus; Trentini, Clarissa Marceli

doi:10.1590/1980-57642015dn93000012

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…Responding to the identified need for well‐powered OCD neurocognitive endophenotype studies (e.g., Muller et al, ), this is the first study comparing pediatric OCD, genetically at‐risk sibling, and HC groups. Examining potential risk markers of pediatric OCD, a subtype of the disorder with inflated genetic influence compared to its adult‐onset form, the study aligns with ENIGMA recommendations to aim for understanding of precise mechanisms underlying abnormalities that both precede OCD onset and that present during the course of OCD (Boedhoe et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, zero pediatric studies and 12 adult studies have assessed neurocognition in unaffected first‐degree relatives of those with OCD (Table ). Findings across these adult studies have been inconsistent due to differences in examined neurocognitive subdomains (Muller et al, ). All OCD endophenotype studies enrolled adults primarily with aOCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive risk markers in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Negreiros

Belschner

Best

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has complex genetic underpinnings, particularly in its earlyonset form, which places siblings at a 10-fold increased risk of developing the disorder. Examination for neurocognitive markers preceding pediatric OCD onset has not been conducted, although markers have been identified in adult OCD. This study compared neurocognition across groups of OCD-affected youth (n = 87), unaffected siblings of those with early-onset OCD (n = 67), and healthy controls (HC; n = 79). Methods: A total of 233 participants aged 6-18 years old completed standardized neurocognitive tests of cognitive flexibility, decision making, planning, response inhibition, spatial working memory, attention, recognition nonverbal memory, and intelligence. They were administered the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Parent version (ADIS-P) and completed self-report anxiety and OCD questionnaires. Linear mixed-effects models tested for differences between groups, adjusting for age, gender, IQ, state anxiety, and ethnicity, and accounting for random effects of family membership. Results: OCD-affected youth and unaffected siblings performed significantly worse on planning in comparison to HCs (Cohen's d = 0.74; 95% CI = [0.11, 1.36]; Cohen's d = 0.75; 95% CI = [0.12, 1.38], respectively; omnibus group effect p = .007). No other significant between-group differences were identified. Conclusions: Neurocognitive performance differences between groups identified planning as a preexisting trait marker of pediatric OCD, while no other domain presented as a preceding marker of pediatric OCD. This differs from adult OCD, which is associated with broader cognitive impairments. Investigating longitudinal trajectories and predictive significance of neurocognition in those affected by, and at risk for, early-onset OCD is warranted. Ideally, this will enhance individualized risk stratification and inform future prevention and early intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive risk markers in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Negreiros

Belschner

Best

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…Lysaker et al (2005) reported that, in schizophrenia, trait anxiety is associated with impairments in neurocognitive functions (Lysaker et al, 2005). Impairments in set-shifting, cognitive flexibility, planning and response inhibition are frequently detected in disorders with an anxious phenotype (Muller et al, 2015).…”

Section: Affective Symptoms Are Strongly Associated With the Cognitommentioning

confidence: 99%

In Schizophrenia, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Are Driven by Immune-Inflammatory Pathways.

Almulla¹,

Al-Rawi²,

Maes³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. The aim of this study is to examine whether biomarkers of the immune-inflammatory response (IRS) and endogenous opioid (EOS) systems are associated with affective symptoms in schizophrenia. Methods. We recruited 115 schizophrenia patients and 43 healthy controls and assessed the Hamilton Depression (HDRS) and Anxiety (HAM-A) rating Scale scores as well as serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, eotaxin (CCL11), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), and mu (MOR) and kappa (KOR) opioid receptors.Results. The HDRS and HAM-A scores are significantly and positively correlated with a) psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, negative symptoms, psychomotor retardation, and formal thought disorders; and b) lowered scores on semantic and episodic memory, executive functions, and attention tests as measured with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Psychiatry. Both HDRS and HAM-A are significantly increased in non-responders to treatment as compared with partial responders. Both affective scores are strongly associated with latent vectors extracted from all symptoms, reflecting overall severity of psychosis (OSOS), and neurocognitive test scores, reflecting a generalized cognitive decline (G-CoDe). The HDRS score was strongly and positively associated with IL-6, HMGB1, KOR, and MOR levels, and the HAM-A score with IL-6, IL-10, CCL11, HMGB1, KOR, and MOR levels. A single latent trait may be extracted from OSOS, G-CoDe, and the HDRS and HAMA scores, and this latent vector score is strongly predicted by HMGB1, MOR, and DKK1.Conclusion. Immune-inflammatory and EOS pathways contribute to the phenome of schizophrenia, which comprises OSOS, affective, and physiosomatic symptoms, and G-CoDe.

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The clinical characterization of the adult patient with an anxiety or related disorder aimed at personalization of management

et al. 2021

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The clinical construct of "anxiety neurosis" was broad and poorly defined, so that the delineation of specific anxiety disorders in the DSM-III was an important advance. However, anxiety and related disorders are not only frequently comorbid, but each is also quite heterogeneous; thus diagnostic manuals provide only a first step towards formulating a management plan, and the development of additional decision support tools for the treatment of anxiety conditions is needed. This paper aims to describe systematically important domains that are relevant to the personalization of management of anxiety and related disorders in adults. For each domain, we summarize the available research evidence and review the relevant assessment instruments, paying special attention to their suitability for use in routine clinical practice. We emphasize areas where the available evidence allows the clinician to personalize the management of anxiety conditions, and we point out key unmet needs. Overall, the evidence suggests that we are becoming able to move from simply recommending that anxiety and related disorders be treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or their combination, to a more complex approach which emphasizes that the clinician has a broadening array of management modalities available, and that the treatment of anxiety and related disorders can already be personalized in a number of important respects.

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Executive functions as a potential neurocognitive endophenotype in anxiety disorders: A systematic review considering DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria classification

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Neurocognitive risk markers in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Neurocognitive risk markers in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

In Schizophrenia, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Are Driven by Immune-Inflammatory Pathways.

The clinical characterization of the adult patient with an anxiety or related disorder aimed at personalization of management

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