Executive Functions in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate executive functions (EFs) in older adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD). It was a cross-sectional and comparative study, composed of 62 participants divided into PD group (n = 31; M age = 75.26; SD age = 7.26) and control group (n = 31; M age = 74.03; SD age = 6.95), aged 61 to 93 years, recruited for convenience in 5 cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data questionnaire; MMSE; GDS-15; BIS-11; verbal fluency tasks (FAS and animals), DEX; WCST-64 and FDT. Descriptive analyzes and Student’s t and Chi-square tests were used. The PD group had a lower performance in the WCST-64 and FDT tests compared to controls, indicating worse performance in tasks that required reasoning, cognitive flexibility and processing speed, in addition, showed difficulties in performing tasks that require EF (DEX).

A função cognitiva na Doença de Parkinson: uma revisão integrativa

“…Statucka 2019 25 Realizando uma análise de todos os artigos encontrados foi possível identificar quais os instrumentos de mensuração cognitivos mais utilizados nas pesquisas 17,23,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] . Os testes de cognição global mais citados foram o MMSE [26][27][28]30 e MoCA 17,32,33 .…”

“…A idade do paciente e o tempo de início da doença não podem ser considerados independentes, pois pode haver uma associação entre o declínio cognitivo e a idade 40,43 30,40,48,49 .…”

“…Cognitive and Motor Aspects of Parkinson's Disease Associated with DysphagiaKim et al26 Executive Functions in Parkinson's Disease Rossi et al30 Influencia del deterioro cognitivo en lacongelación de la marcha en pacientes conenfermedad de Parkinson sin demencia Cancela Carral et al34 Neuropsychological subgroups in non-demented Parkinson's disease: A latent class analysis Brennan et al33 Neuropsychological Test Performances and Depression inEarly-Stage De Novo Parkinson's Disease Honsey et al 18 Postural sway correlates with cognition and quality of life in Parkinson's disease Apthorp et al 32 REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: Change in Cognitive, Psychiatric, and Functional Outcomes from Baseline to 16-47-Month Follow-Up Van Patten et al 15 Symptom Dimensions of Depression and Apathy and their Relationship with Cognition in Parkinson's Disease Szymkowicz et al 31 Apathy as a Within-Person Mediator of Depressive Symptoms and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: Longitudinal Mediation Analyses Szymkowicz et al Effects of stepped speech rehabilitation and psychological intervention on speech disorders and cognitive function in Parkinson disease patients Wang et al36 Working Memory and Executive Functions in Parkinson's disease after intervention with non-immersive virtual reality Galeote et al20 Impact of cognitive intervention on cognitive symptoms and quality of life in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a randomized and controlled study Sousa et al37 High-frequency multimodal training with a focus on Tai Chi in people with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study Toloraia et al35 Terapia cognitiva en pacientes con Parkinson Rodríguez et al38 Effects of virtual rehabilitation on cognition and quality of life of patients with Parkinson's diseaseSilva Souza et al19 O estudo demonstra que fatores como educação,proficiência em inglês e natureza verbal das tarefas não explicam esse viés, mas sim o contexto socio-histórico em que os indivíduos nasceram. A pesquisa sugere que o índice de desenvolvimento humano socioeconômico (HIHD) pode mediar essa relação de forma robusta, indicando que a integração de índices sociais pode beneficiar a psicologia transcultural.…”