Executive functions in preschool children with cerebral palsy – Assessment and early intervention – A pilot study

Sørensen, Kristian; Liverød, Janne Risholm; Lerdal, Bjørn; Vestrheim, Ida E.; Skranes, Jon

doi:10.3109/17518423.2014.916761

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Future studies following up children with CP as they enter adolescence and adulthood will also be valuable, to further understand the impact of challenges in these areas across the lifespan. This is particularly important as previous studies, including in the population of individuals with CP (Stadskleiv et al, 2016), indicate that executive functions continue to develop throughout adolescence and into early adulthood (Sørensen et al, 2016). As such, more subtle difficulties may become apparent later in a child's developmental trajectory, as environmental demands and expectations increase.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Executive functioning (EF) refers to higher order cognitive abilities and processes associated with deciding on, planning and working towards goals (Piovesana et al, 2015;Warschausky et al, 2017), regulating emotions and behaviour (Diamond, 2013), and responding flexibly in the face of changing situations or difficulties (Sørensen et al, 2016). As executive functioning skills are key in all parts of daily life, including health, academic and vocational achievement (Diamond, 2013), participation (Bottcher et al, 2010), and adaptive functioning (Warschausky et al, 2017), impact of impaired EF can be wide-ranging.…”

Section: Executive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As development progresses, and the activities -and problems -of daily life increase in complexity, so do more sophisticated EF skills emerge. Zelazo and Müller (2010) note important changes in EF can occur between the ages of two and five, such as early planning and regulation abilities, while some aspects of EF continue to develop throughout adolescence and into early adulthood (Best & Miller, 2010;Sørensen et al, 2016). For example, cognitive flexibility, the ability to take alternative perspectives and adapt to changing demands, is thought to emerge later in adolescence (Diamond, 2014).…”

Section: Executive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive Function, Attention and Autism Symptomatology in School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy

et al. 2023

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Objective: Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy have been reported to be at increased risk of executive function deficits and neurodevelopmental disorders. This population-based cohort study aimed to assess executive function, attention, behaviour, and autism symptomatology in school-aged children with CP, using parent-report measures that can provide insight into everyday functioning in these neurodevelopmental domains. Methods: 74 participants (male n = 51) mean age 9 years 9 months, SD 1 year 1.2 months (range 8 years 0 months to 12 years 11 months), GMFCS I = 45 (60.8%), II = 17 (23%), III = 8 (10.8%), and IV = 4 (5.4%), were assessed on measures of attention and behaviour (Conners-3), executive function (BRIEF), and autism symptomatology (AQ10-Child). Analysis was via one-sample t-tests and MANCOVAs. Results: Participants’ scores were elevated in comparison to the general population in all domains, while 29.1% of participants scored above the cut-off level on an autism symptomatology screener. Greatest impairment was reported for working memory (M = 60.7, SD = 10.0, t(72) = 9.2, p < .001), peer relations (M = 72.7, SD = 16.2, t(73) = 12.0, p < .001), and inattention subscales (M = 66.3, SD = 12.5, t(73) = 11.2, p < .001). No statistically significant differences were found for different GMFCS levels on domains of executive functioning. A statistically significant difference was found between GMFCS levels for inattention F(3, 71) = 3.83, p = .013, partial η2 = 0.162, with most elevated scores associated with GMFCS level II (M = 74.1, SD = 14.2). Conclusion: EF, attention and behavioural difficulties, and autism symptomatology are commonly reported in school-aged children with CP. Screening for these comorbidities using ratings scales will assist with early diagnosis and targeted intervention.

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Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Executive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Executive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive Function, Attention and Autism Symptomatology in School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy

et al. 2023

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“…Several studies have shown that children with CP have increased risk for deficits in sustained attention (Bottcher et al, 2010;Lemay et al, 2012;Mak et al, 2018), working memory (Goble et al, 2012;Stadskleiv et al, 2018;Van Rooijen et al, 2014, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning (Sørensen et al, 2016;Whittingham et al, 2014). Cognitive impairments are associated with deficits in motor function (Hoare et al, 2018;Warschausky et al, 2017).…”

Section: Interactions Between Movement Impairments and Impairments In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy and other types of pediatric brain injury.

Friel¹,

Ferre²,

Gordon³

2021

APA Handbook of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Clinical and Educational Implications: Prevention, Intervention, A

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“…The higher risk and incidence of CP in SA may be attributable to the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), malaria, poverty-related malnutrition, tuberculosis (TB) and meningitis observed in some provinces, such as Limpopo (Treasury.gov.za 2019 ). Children living with HIV and AIDS may present with neurological impairments caused by the virus, resulting in complications, such as HIV encephalopathy (HIVE) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) causing injury to the developing brain (Croucher & Winston 2013 ; Levin 2006 ; Sørensen Kristian et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation patterns of children with cerebral palsy: A caregiver’s perspective

Africa

Human²,

Tshabalala

2023

African Journal of Disability

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Background: Participation in activities of daily living (ADL), education, leisure and play in children living with cerebral palsy (CP) may be affected by various factors, as outlined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). The aim of this study was to describe the participation patterns of a group of these children.Objectives: This study aimed to describe participation patterns in ADL, education, leisure and play activities of children living with CP in Modimolle.Method: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) study design was used. A researcher-constructed bio-demographic data sheet and a semi-structured interview schedule were used to collect data from the primary caregivers of children (5–17 years) living with CP in Modimolle. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated from Sepedi to English and analysed using the content analysis approach and NVivo software.Results: The findings of this study indicated that children living with CP in Modimolle require set-up and assistance to participate in various ADL such as self-care, family and community activities. They also participate in formal and informal educational programmes as well as active and passive leisure and play activities. However, at the moment, they have limited opportunities to participate because of resource constraints and inaccessible infrastructure.Conclusion: Although children with CP in Modimolle perform some ADL, and participate in educational, leisure and play activities, they are not fully integrated into their community. Legislative support and policy implementation are required to improve participation and integration of children living with CP. Further studies on community-specific integrative strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities are recommended.Contribution: This paper provides valuable information on the participation patterns of children with CP living in a rural area of South Africa. The findings can assist with development and implementation of community-specific, integrative health and social care strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities.

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Executive functions in preschool children with cerebral palsy – Assessment and early intervention – A pilot study

Abstract: The children in our sample showed age-appropriate levels of executive functions before attending PIH. Some aspects of executive skills difficulties were reduced after PIH. Using BRIEF-P contributed to the differentiation of cognitive strengths and weaknesses among the children.

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Executive Function, Attention and Autism Symptomatology in School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy

Executive Function, Attention and Autism Symptomatology in School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy

Diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy and other types of pediatric brain injury.

Participation patterns of children with cerebral palsy: A caregiver’s perspective

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